CSG Exam (Malaysia) key terms

Malaysian statute that requires companies supplying security guards to hold a licence from the Ministry of Home Affairs. It sets conditions on how guard services may be offered, staffed and supervised.

Photo identity card issued to a licensed security guard by the licensing authority in Malaysia. Guards must carry it while on duty and show it on request, because it proves they are lawfully employed to do security work.

Power under the Criminal Procedure Code for an ordinary person, including a guard, to detain someone caught committing a serious offence and hand that person to the police without unnecessary delay. Guards must not investigate or punish.

Amount of physical force that is no more than necessary to stop a threat or make a lawful detention. Any force used must match the danger faced and must stop once the risk has passed.

Malaysian law protecting personal data. It affects guards because CCTV recordings, visitor registers and log books that identify people must be collected for a proper purpose, kept secure and shared only as allowed.

Legal and ethical obligation to take sensible steps to avoid foreseeable harm to people and property within the area a guard is responsible for, such as warning of hazards, securing a spill or summoning help.

Written set of rules on how a guard must behave on duty, covering honesty, uniform and grooming, respect for the public, sobriety, use of force, reporting misconduct and accepting gifts.

Duty not to reveal information learned at work, such as visitor details, client business, incident facts or access codes, except to people who genuinely need it or when the law requires disclosure.

The tasks and limits written into a guard's post orders. Guards may observe, record, control access and protect people, but they have no police powers and must not search, detain or use force beyond what the law permits.

The formal line of authority from guard to supervisor, duty manager and client management. It shows who a guard reports incidents to, who may give lawful orders, and how quickly matters are escalated.

Process of deciding who may enter a site, area or system, and checking that only those people and vehicles actually get in. It usually combines identity checks, passes, barriers, escorts, keys and records.

The routine for receiving non-staff people: confirming the appointment, checking identification, issuing a badge, briefing site rules, recording entry and exit times, escorting as needed and recovering the badge on departure.

Checking that a person is who they claim to be, normally by comparing the photo on an identity card, passport or staff pass with the face in front of you, and matching that name to an authorisation list.

Entering a controlled door behind someone who has legitimately opened it, without presenting a pass. Guards reduce it with one-person-at-a-time rules, spacing out queues and politely challenging anyone who slips through.

System for issuing, recording and recovering keys so that every key can be traced to a named holder. It includes a key register, signing keys in and out, secure storage and prompt reporting of losses.

Any room, plant, store or zone where entry is limited to authorised people because of safety, value or confidentiality. Guards enforce signs, pass checks and escort rules at the boundary of that area.

Planned walk or drive around a site to check locks, doors, lighting, fire equipment, hazards and unusual activity. Patrols follow a set route and timing, and observations are written into the post log.

Physical marker or electronic tag at a point on a patrol route that the guard must visit and record, usually by clocking a key, scanning a tag or tapping a reader, proving that the round was actually walked.

Structured way of remembering what a person or vehicle looks like, using fixed cues such as height, build, hair, clothing, voice, and vehicle make, colour and plate, so that reports are useful to police.

Area that a camera, a guard's line of sight or a patrol route cannot cover, allowing intruders or hazards to go unseen. Good guarding maps these gaps and covers them with extra patrols or equipment.

Bound or electronic log kept at a post where guards record events during each shift in time order: patrols done, visitors, incidents, faults and handovers. Entries must be written honestly, signed and never removed.

Written account of what happened, prepared soon after an event. It answers who, what, when, where, how and who was told, sticks to facts actually observed, avoids opinion, and is signed and dated by the writer.

Site document setting out what must happen in a fire, bomb threat, intrusion, medical emergency or other crisis: who is alerted, who calls 999, evacuation routes, assembly points and each responder's role.

Pre-agreed safe open place where occupants gather after evacuating a building so that a roll call can confirm everyone is out and nobody re-enters before the fire service gives clearance.

Protecting an incident or crime scene by keeping people out, not touching items, cordoning the area and recording what was seen before police arrive, so that evidence is not lost or contaminated.

Structured briefing at change of shift where the outgoing guard passes on incidents, outstanding tasks, keys, equipment, visitors still on site and anything the incoming guard must watch for.

Simple model showing that fire needs three things: fuel, oxygen and heat. Removing any one of them, for example by cooling with water, smothering the flame or shutting off the fuel supply, puts the fire out.

Classification of fires and the matching extinguishers. Class A covers solids such as wood and paper, B flammable liquids, C flammable gases, D metals and F cooking oils; using the wrong type can spread the fire.

Simple sequence for using a portable extinguisher: Pull the safety pin, Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side, always keeping a clear escape route behind you.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cycles of firm chest compressions, with rescue breaths if trained, given to someone who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, to keep blood and oxygen moving until help arrives or an AED is used.

Process of identifying what could cause harm, deciding how likely and how serious it is, and putting controls in place. Guards apply it to patrol routes, events, maintenance works and any task before starting.

Closed-circuit television: cameras feeding images to a monitor or recorder rather than to the public. Guards use it to watch premises, verify alarms and preserve evidence, within privacy rules and site policy.

Pan-tilt-zoom camera that an operator can turn left and right, tilt up and down, and zoom in or out from a control point. It is useful for checking alarms and following movement across a large area.

Electronic system using sensors such as door contacts, motion detectors and break-glass devices to detect unauthorised entry, then trigger a siren, a light or a signal to a monitoring station or responders.

Alarm activation caused by something other than genuine intrusion, such as equipment fault, insects, weather, animals or operator error. Guards respond as if it were real until verified, then record the actual cause.

Concentrating fully on a speaker, letting them finish, checking understanding by summarising, asking open questions and noting key facts in writing instead of planning your reply while they talk.

Calming technique using a steady voice, safe distance, open posture, respectful language and patient listening to reduce anger or fear before a tense situation turns into violence or injury.

Call to the Malaysian emergency number for police, fire or ambulance. Give the exact location, the service needed, what happened, how many people are involved and your name as the caller, then stay reachable.