Tatabahasa dan Sistem Bahasa (Grammar and Language System)
Tatabahasa dan Sistem Bahasa
Domonian diti momintong do afiks, urutan boros, pronoun, classifier, sentence type, spelling and punctuation. Kadazandusun marks focus/voice with affixes; basic clauses are often verb-initial; personal names take 'i', objects take 'do'.
Aturan
- Verb-initial clause: 'Mangakan i Tama do nasi.' V + S + O.
- 'i' marks a personal subject or name; 'do' marks an object/patient.
- Affixes change meaning: 'mang-' active, '-on' object focus, '-an' locative/benefactive; check the verb class.
- Reduplication can mark plurality or intensity, but not every noun pluralises this way.
- Numerals need the correct classifier with the counted noun.
- Punctuation: comma before direct address; capital letters for names.
Contoh
'Mangakan i Amin do punti.' Analyze: 'mangakan' is the verb; 'i Amin' is the subject marked by 'i'; 'do punti' is the object marked by 'do'. Reasoning: if 'i' and 'do' are swapped, the roles change. Test with questions: 'Isai mangakan?' and 'Nunu akanon?' This separates subject from object.
Traps
- Dropping 'i' or 'do' in formal writing.
- Using Malay affix patterns such as 'meN-' with Kadazandusun bases.
- Choosing the wrong focus affix; verb must agree with subject/object.
- Overusing reduplication for plurals.
- Ignoring standard spelling and punctuation.