SPM Pertanian study plan

Define asas pertanian terms (pertanian, agronomi, hortikultur, akuakultur) and classify 20 local crops and livestock examples into their correct subsector

Label the layers and horizons of a soil profile diagram and explain the role of humus, clay and sand in soil fertility

Calculate soil pH interpretation ranges and list the correct amendment (kapur, gipsum, bahan organik) for each of five given soil scenarios

Describe the nitrogen cycle stages and match three common fertilizers (urea, NPK 15:15:15, kompos) to their nutrient content and appropriate use

Identify plant anatomy parts (akar, batang, daun, bunga) and state the function of each in nutrient and water transport

Explain photosynthesis and respiration in words and state three factors that limit plant growth in Malaysian conditions

Classify 15 given crops as tanaman makanan, tanaman industri, or tanaman hortikultur and justify each classification

Distinguish between tanah gambut, tanah laterit and tanah aluvium and name one crop suited to each

Sequence the nursery steps for a named crop (semai benih, penyediaan semaian, pemindahan) and state the timing and condition for each step

Compare vegetative propagation (keratan, tut, cantuman) with seed propagation and select the right method for four given crops

Calculate seed rate, plant spacing and plant population per hectare for three worked examples

State the water, light and nutrient requirements of one leafy vegetable and one fruit tree from transplanting to harvest

Identify 10 common pests and diseases of Malaysian crops from written symptom descriptions and name the causal organism for each

Distinguish between biological, cultural, chemical and integrated pest management controls and justify a choice for three scenarios

Explain the safe use of pesticides: dosage, interval before harvest, protective equipment and storage rules

Describe post-harvest handling steps (penggredan, pembungkusan, penyimpanan) and state how each reduces losses

Classify farm animals into ruminan, monogastrik and unggas and state one digestive difference that affects feeding

List the nutrient groups (protein, carbohydrate, fat, mineral, vitamin, water) and state one feed source and one deficiency symptom for each

Formulate a simple daily feed ration for one ruminant and one poultry example using given feed composition values

Explain the main reproductive terms (estrus, gestasi, kelahiran, penyusuan) and state the typical cycle for one species

Describe housing, ventilation and stocking density requirements for one poultry and one ruminant system

Identify five common livestock diseases from written signs and state prevention measures for each

Explain farm record categories (kewangan, pengeluaran, stok) and state one decision each record type supports

Compute simple costs of production and break-even price for one livestock enterprise using given figures

Draft a simple farm business plan outline covering objektif, sumber, jadual kerja and anggaran kos for a smallholding

Explain marketing channels for farm produce and state two ways a small farmer can improve margin

Describe the role of agencies supporting farmers (contohnya Jabatan Pertanian, FAMA, LPP) and match three services to the right agency

Apply entrepreneurship concepts (risiko, modal, keuntungan, keusahawanan tani) to a short case description

Answer one full timed mock paper under exam conditions and record the score per domain

Re-teach the two weakest domains from the mock by rewriting the missed concepts in your own words

Recall 40 key terms across all four domains in a written self-quiz without notes

Review and consolidate calculation methods (spacing, population, ration, break-even) with three fresh examples