NSSCAS Oshindonga First Language 8192 flashcards
NSSCAS Oshindonga First Language 8192 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Omutopelo gwa wedhwa po
- Oshinima shomukatengi shoka sha holoka moshishangwa ashihe, hagu holokile mondondo yimwe ayike; omuvalu oku shi mona kepulo lyomutwe nokomahulilo.
- Uumbangi (evidence)
- Oshinima shoka sha popywa mo moshishangwa nenge sha holoka momukalo gwokuhokolola, shoka tashi kwathele omuvalu a itaale eyamukulo; itashi za momadhiladhilo gomulongwa.
- Inference
- Eyamukulo ndyoka ina li popywa mo ashihe; omuvalu oku li totha mo okupitila muumbangi, miitya, nomukalo gwokuhokolola gwomushangi.
- Okweeleka (comparison)
- Okulongitha iitya ngaashi 'ngaashi', 'nga', 'pamwe na' okuholola osho sha fanana nenge osho sha yoolokela mokati kiinima yi ili.
- Oshihokololo (narrative text)
- Oshishangwa tashi hokolola oshiningwanima, tashi kala noshitameko, omukatengi nomahulilo, nota longitha omuhokololi nomaulikilo gofimbo.
- Argumentative text
- Oshishangwa tashi gandja omadhiladhilo gomushangi, tashi kwatakanitha uumbangi, notashi yi moshipala omadhiladhilo galwe nomaukwatya.
- Oshitya shokukwatakanitha (connective)
- Oshitya tashi kwatakanithe omadhiladhilo momushangwa, ngaashi 'molwaashi' (reason), 'ihe' (contrast), 'opo' (result), 'nokuli' (addition); otashi kwathele omuvalu a landule ondondo yomadhiladhilo.
- Ondondo dhomadhina (noun classes)
- Oshindonga oshi na oondondo dhomadhina, ngaashi 1/2 omu-/ova- na 7/8 oshi-/ii-, ndhoka hadhi gandja oshitya shokukwatakanitha kumwe nedhina.
- Subject concord
- Oshitya tashi holola kutya olye ta ningi oshinima; osha landula ondondo yedhina: omumati ota dhana, ovamati otava dhana, oshinima otashi kala.
- Tense marker
- Oshitya tashi holola efimbo lyoshiningwanima: '-ta-' (present progressive: ota longo), '-ka-' (future: ota ka longa), 'okwa-' (past: okwa longa).
- Vowel length
- Uule womawu otau nyolelwa kokupitilila oshitya shomawu (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu), notau nyolelwa nondhindhiliko yilwe; uule otau lundulula oshitya.
- Adjective concord
- Omafano (adjectives) ohaga kutha oshitya shokukwatakanitha shimwe nedhina: omuntu omunene / ovantu ovanene; oshinima oshinene / iinima iinene.
- Oshitya 'na'
- 'Na' otashi ti 'and' nenge 'with'; manga tashi kwatakanithwa nomadhina, otashi lunduluka ko 'no-' nenge 'nov-', ngaashi 'nomumati' (and the boy), 'novantu' (and the people).
- Omukalo gwokupopya (style)
- Omukalo omushangi a hogolola iitya nokukwatakanitha omadhiladhilo; omukalo gwa yela ohagu longitha iitya ya yela, omishangwa dha fupi niifaneko ya yeleka.
- Formal letter structure
- Omukanda gwopaunafiki ohagu kwatela adresa yomushangi, efiku, adresa yomugwanekwa, 'Ame' (salutation), omukatengi, nehulilo lyokupandula, nokunyola kwomushangi.
- Notice
- Omukanda gwokumanyitha ogu na okukala gu na osho tashi ningwa, esiku, efimbo, napo (venue) nomushangi nenge gumwe ngoka a pumbiwa.
- Report structure
- Omukanda gwokuhokolola ohagu kwatela omutwe 'Ku:', 'Kuzwa:', 'Efiku:', omukatengi gwomukanda, omahokololo gomukatengi, nomahulilo.
- Speech (oshipopiwa)
- Okupopya komeho kovantu oku na etameko lyokupandula nokukaleka po ovapulakeni, omukatengi, nehulilo lyokupandula; oku na okukala ku na omukalo gwopaunafiki.
- Register
- Omukalo gwokupopya ndyoka gu na okukwatakanitha omukanda: omukanda gwopaunafiki otagu longithwa iitya yopaunafiki, ihe omukanda gwopaumwene otagu longithwa iitya yopaumwene.
- Address (adresa)
- Edhina lyomukalimo nenge lyoshikolo pamwe nokomukunda; oha li nyolelwa komeho lyomukanda gwopaunafiki, pamwe nefiku lyokunyola.
- Planning a composition
- Okuhogolola omadhiladhilo gomukatengi manga inaa shangi: omukatengi gumwe, uumbangi wa kola, nomukalo gwokukwatakanitha omadhiladhilo.
- Paragraph (ondondo)
- Ondondo yomushangwa ndjoka yi na omukatengi gumwe, uumbangi nenge omaholelwa, nomushangwa gwa hulitha; ondondo yimwe otayi pumbwa okukala yi na omukatengi gumwe awike.
- Introduction
- Etameko lyoshishangwa ndyoka hali kaleke po omuvalu nokuli holola omukatengi gwomushangwa aguhe; itali gandja uumbangi auhe.
- Conclusion
- Ehulilo lyoshishangwa ndyoka hali hulithe omukatengi, hali gandje edhiladhilo lyahuguvara; itali gandja uumbangi uupe.
- Cohesion
- Oku kwatakanitha omadhiladhilo gomushangwa okupitila miitya ngaashi 'nokuli', 'opo', 'ihe', 'molwaashi', opo omuvalu a landule ondondo yomadhiladhilo.
- Omuhokololi (narrator)
- Omuntu ngoka ta hokolola oshiningwanima moshihokololo; okupitila muye omuvalu ta mono kutya oshike sha ningwa nosho wo omaiyuvo gowokuhokololwa.
- Oshindonga
- Elaka lyOshiwambo ndyoka hali longithwa mOndonga nomOshana; olyo limwe lyomalaka gaali ga yeluka gOshiwambo, limwe oShikwanyama.
- Oshiwambo dialects
- Oshiwambo okwa kwatela omalaka ga yoolokela: Oshindonga, Oshikwanyama, Oshikwambi, Oshingandjera, Oshimbalanhu, Oshikolonkadhi, Oshimbadja nOlukwaluudhi.
- Omahokololo (folktales)
- Oondjambi dhopamuthigululwakalo moka omukuluntu ha hokololele ovanona; otashi hokolola uukwatya womuntu nenge uunongo, notashi vulu okukala nomaimbilo.
- Omukwaniilwa
- Omukuluntu gwa komeho gwoshigwana shOshiwambo, ngaashi mUukwaniilwa wOndonga; okwa li ha pangula nokwa li ha simanekwa koshigwana.
- Martti Rautanen
- Omumisionali ngoka a kala moLukonda nokwa shanga nokwa toloka Ombimbeli mOshindonga; okwa li a ithanwa 'Nakambale' koshigwana.
- Omithigululwakalo (culture)
- Omiila nomikalo dhoshigwana ndhoka hadhi holoka momishangwa: okusimaneka aakuluntu, omagano, uukwaniilwa nokuhokolola omahokololo.