NSSCAS Oshindonga First Language 8192 key terms

A Bantu dialect of Oshiwambo spoken mainly in northern Namibia; it is the language in which this examination is written and answered.

The group of closely related Bantu dialects spoken by Owambo communities in Namibia and southern Angola; Oshindonga is one member of this group.

The system of words and grammar that a community uses to communicate; in this exam, the language of the text you read or write.

A single unit of meaning in speech or writing; words combine to form sentences, and choosing the right word affects clarity and tone.

A complete sentence or written statement that expresses a full thought; it normally has a subject and a predicate and ends with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark.

A written message or document sent to a person or office; it may be informal or formal and usually follows a set layout with greeting, body, and closing.

Paper as a material, or a letter written on paper; in directed writing it often refers to a handwritten or printed correspondence.

A story, narrative, or explanation that presents events or ideas in order; comprehension questions often ask you to retell or explain what an ehokololo says.

A play or drama written to be performed on stage; it uses dialogue, stage directions, and characters to present a story or conflict.

A comparison used in literature, such as a simile or metaphor, that helps a reader picture one thing by linking it to another.

The manner or style in which something is done; in language it can describe a writer’s tone, a speaker’s register, or a grammatical mood.

The way a writer chooses words, structures sentences, and organizes ideas; a clear style suits the purpose and audience of the piece.

The person who creates a text, such as the author of a story, poem, or play; the creator behind the work you study.

A person who writes; in literature and composition it refers to the writer whose choices of language and structure you analyse.

A village or rural settlement in Oshiwambo society; it is a common setting in literature and a key unit of traditional community life.

A meeting or gathering where people discuss matters; in transactional writing it may be the occasion for notices, minutes, or speeches.

A meeting, session, or sitting where people come together to talk or decide something; similar to oshigongi but often smaller or more informal.

The government or ruling authority of a country; formal letters and reports often address epangelo offices or officials. It is a common topic in transactional writing tasks.

An example or model used to explain or support a point; in comprehension answers, an oshiholelwa should be quoted or closely described from the text.

A list, row, or level; it can refer to a list of items or to a stage in a sequence, such as levels of a language task.

Time, or grammatical tense; in grammar it shows whether an action happens in the past, present, or future. Oshindonga verbs change form to mark ethimbo.

To read; it involves recognising written symbols, understanding words, and interpreting the meaning of a text. Comprehension depends on careful okulesha.

To write; it includes forming letters, spelling words correctly, and organizing sentences for a reader. It is the main skill tested in composition.

To speak; it covers pronouncing words, choosing appropriate vocabulary, and adjusting tone for a listener or audience.

To explain, narrate, or give an account of something; in comprehension and literature answers, you use it to show what happened and why.

To listen attentively; it means paying attention to spoken words, tone, and meaning in order to respond appropriately.

A traditional marula wine made and shared in Oshiwambo communities; it appears in cultural texts and signals hospitality and celebration.

Drums used in Oshiwambo music, dance, and ceremonies; they often carry rhythm and signal celebration or important community events.

A custom, rule, or law that guides behaviour in a community; understanding omukithi helps you interpret cultural conflict in literature.

An elder or respected leader in a community; elders often give advice, settle disputes, and preserve cultural knowledge in stories.

The register or way of speaking chosen for a situation; formal speech differs from everyday talk in vocabulary, tone, and sentence structure.