NABARD Grade A flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Subject-verb agreement rule

The verb agrees with the head noun of the subject, not with a phrase placed between them, so 'the list of items is' remains singular.

Neither...nor verb number

With 'neither...nor' or 'either...or', the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it, so 'neither the clerk nor the officers were' is correct.

Para jumble opener clue

The opening sentence contains no pronoun or connector that refers backward, so scan for a sentence introducing a fresh noun without 'this', 'however' or 'therefore'.

Alligation rule

To mix two ingredients of prices p and q into a mean m, the quantity ratio is (m − p) : (q − m), keeping both differences positive.

Two-year CI minus SI

For principal P at rate R, the gap between compound and simple interest over two years equals P multiplied by (R/100) squared.

Equal gain and loss trap

Selling two articles at the same price with the same percentage gain and percentage loss always produces a net loss of x squared divided by 100 percent.

Downstream and upstream speeds

Downstream speed equals boat plus stream, upstream equals boat minus stream; boat speed is their average and stream speed half their difference.

Work together formula

If A finishes work in a days and B in b days, working together they take ab divided by (a + b) days, found by adding their daily rates.

Syllogism two-all rule

Two universal affirmative premises chain: 'All A are B' plus 'All B are C' validly yields 'All A are C', but particular premises cannot yield universal conclusions.

Circular arrangement count

The number of distinct ways to seat n people around a circular table is (n − 1) factorial, because rotations of the same order are identical.

Inequality chain rule

Only symbols pointing the same way can be chained; from 'A > B ≥ C' you may conclude A > C but never C > A.

Data sufficiency method

Test each statement independently against the question first, and combine them only if neither alone determines a unique answer.

RBI founding facts

The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935 under the RBI Act 1934, nationalised in 1949, with headquarters moved to Mumbai in 1937.

Inflation targeting framework

The six-member Monetary Policy Committee targets consumer price inflation at 4 percent, with a tolerance band of 2 to 6 percent.

NABARD establishment

NABARD was set up in 1982 on the recommendation of the B. Sivaraman Committee as the apex institution for agriculture and rural credit.

Priority sector lending targets

Banks must lend 40 percent of adjusted net bank credit to priority sectors, including 18 percent to agriculture and 7.5 percent to micro enterprises.

Basel III CET1 minimum

Under Basel III, the minimum common equity tier 1 capital requirement is 4.5 percent of risk-weighted assets, before capital conservation buffers.

Memory unit conversions

One byte equals eight bits, one kilobyte is 1024 bytes, one megabyte is 1024 kilobytes, and one gigabyte is 1024 megabytes.

RAM versus ROM

RAM is volatile memory holding programs currently running, while ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent firmware such as the BIOS.

TCP/IP layer mapping

In the seven-layer OSI model, TCP operates at the transport layer and IP at the network layer, while HTTP sits at the application layer.

Malware type distinctions

A worm self-replicates across networks without a host file, a trojan disguises itself as useful software, and ransomware encrypts data to demand payment.

Fiscal deficit definition

Fiscal deficit equals total government expenditure minus total receipts excluding borrowings, showing how much the government must borrow.

CPI versus WPI

CPI tracks retail prices across a basket including services and is the RBI's target index, while WPI tracks wholesale prices and excludes services.

Repo and reverse repo

Repo is the rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to banks against securities; reverse repo is the rate at which it absorbs liquidity.

Disguised unemployment

Disguised unemployment occurs when more workers are engaged than needed, so removing some would not reduce output, typical of surplus farm labour.

Cropping intensity formula

Cropping intensity equals gross cropped area divided by net sown area, multiplied by 100; it exceeds 100 when land is cropped more than once.

Kharif versus Rabi

Kharif crops such as rice, cotton and soybean are sown with the June-July monsoon, while Rabi crops such as wheat and mustard are sown in winter.

Rhizobium nitrogen fixation

Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules of legumes convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds, naturally enriching soil fertility for the next crop.

Minimum Support Price process

The CACP recommends MSP for major crops, the government announces it, and agencies such as FCI and NAFED carry out procurement.

Assumption negation test

To test an assumption, negate it; if the argument then collapses, the assumption is necessary and therefore valid.

Ethical decision priority

In decision-making questions, prefer the option that is legal, ethical and proportionate, protecting safety and rules before convenience or personal gain.

Precis writing constraint

A precis condenses the passage to roughly one-third of its length, retaining only the central idea and essential points without adding opinion.