NAT-TEST 5Q flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

ひらがな

Japanese syllabary used for native words, particles, and verb endings. NAT-TEST 5Q requires reading and writing all 46 basic hiragana plus voiced and contracted forms.

カタカナ

Syllabary used mainly for loanwords such as コーヒー, テレビ, バス. Long vowel mark ー must be written; omitting it changes the word.

長音 (ちょうおん)

Elongated vowel sound. In katakana it is written with ー, as in ケーキ and タクシー. In hiragana it appears as おばあさん versus おばさん, changing meaning.

促音 (そくおん)

Small っ that doubles the following consonant and adds a short pause, as in きって (stamp) versus きて (come). Listening and spelling questions test this contrast.

拗音 (ようおん)

Contracted sounds formed with small ゃ, ゅ, ょ, as in きょう (today) and しゃしん (photo). Omitting the small character changes the word entirely.

助数詞 (じょすうし)

Counter word placed after numbers. 人 is irregular for one and two (ひとり, ふたり); 枚 counts flat things, 台 machines and vehicles, 匹 small animals.

同音異義語

Words with the same sound but different meaning, such as はし (chopsticks or bridge) and かみ (paper or hair). Context in the sentence decides which is meant.

対義語

Opposite pairs tested in vocabulary sections: 大きい/小さい, 新しい/古い, 暑い/寒い, 多い/少ない, 高い/安い for price.

は vs が

は marks the topic and given information; が marks the subject, new information, or the object of likes and abilities, as in 日本語がわかります and 水が好きです.

に vs で

に marks existence, destination, and time points (学校に行きます, 机の上にあります). で marks the place where an action happens (学校で勉強します).

あります / います

Both mean existence. あります is used for inanimate things and plants; います is used for people and animals. The place takes に and the item takes が.

て形の用法

The te-form supports てください (request), ています (ongoing action or state), てもいいです (permission), and てはいけません (prohibition). Each pattern appears in 5Q grammar items.

イ形容詞の過去

I-adjectives drop い and add かったです for past affirmative, and くなかったです for past negative: 高い becomes 高かったです and 高くなかったです.

ナ形容詞の過去

Na-adjectives keep the stem and use でした for past affirmative and じゃありませんでした for past negative: 静かでした, 静かじゃありませんでした.

比較構文

Three patterns: AはBより〜です (A is more ~ than B); AとBとどちらが〜ですか (which is more ~); AはBほど〜ない (A is not as ~ as B).

〜ませんか

Invitation pattern meaning will you not do ~. Acceptance uses いいですね or そうしましょう; refusal typically uses すみません、ちょっと… without a direct no.

これ / この

これ, それ, あれ, どれ stand alone as nouns. この, その, あの, どの must be followed by a noun, as in この本. Mixing the two is a common error.

読解の設問分析

Before reading the passage, identify the question word: いつ, どこ, だれ, なに, or いくら. Then scan the text only for that information instead of reading every sentence equally.

時間表現の照合

Expressions such as あした, きのう, 来週の月曜日, and 〜から〜まで must be matched against dates and weekdays in the passage. A one-day shift causes wrong answers.

逆接のマーカー

しかし, でも, けど signal contrast; the writer's main claim usually follows. Cause is marked by から and ので, and reason questions target the clause before them.

指示語の照応

これ, それ, あれ, その, この refer to something stated just before. When a question asks what それ refers to, check the immediately preceding noun or sentence.

条件表現の読解

Notices use 〜てはいけません, 〜は禁止です, and 〜が必要です to state conditions. Correct and incorrect options are separated by whether these conditions are satisfied.

本文外の選択肢

An option may repeat words from the passage yet still be wrong because time, place, or price differs. Verify each condition against the text rather than matching vocabulary alone.

メール文の依頼

Emails in 5Q often contain 〜てください or 〜ませんか. Reply questions ask whether the response actually addresses the request, so identify the requested action first.

聴解のメモ法

Note when, where, who, and what as the audio plays. Numbers, times, and prices are frequently corrected later with やっぱり or いいえ, so record the final value.

誘いへの応答

For 〜ませんか invitations, いいですね and そうしましょう accept. すみません、ちょっと… declines politely without saying no directly. Choosing accept versus decline is the tested skill.

方向指示の聞き取り

Follow 右, 左, 前, 後ろ, 隣 in order from the stated starting point. For map tasks, mark the start position first, then trace each turn as it is spoken.

依頼表現の聞き取り

Patterns such as 〜てください and 〜てもらえませんか introduce a request; the actual task follows. Listen for what action the speaker wants done, not just who is speaking.

条件の後置

In listening, でも, ただし, and 〜けど often introduce a condition or exception after the main statement. Missing this clause turns a correct-sounding option into a wrong one.

数字と文字の分離

Phrases like Bの2番 or 3番線 mix letters and numbers. Write the letter and the digit in separate columns so they are not confused under fast speech.

聞き取れない語の処理

Audio plays once, so abandon an unclear word and keep noting later content. The question options and surrounding context usually allow a reasonable inference.

値段と個数の聞き取り

Listen for 全部で (in total) and それぞれ (each), which decide whether to add or multiply. Units 円, 枚, 人, and 時 must be recorded with their numbers.