NE POST key terms

Guarantees in Part III of the Nepali Constitution protecting individuals against state overreach, covering equality, freedom, life and liberty, education, and remedies. Courts can enforce them through writs, and some rights apply to non-citizens too.

Power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue orders such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto against authorities violating legal or constitutional duties. It is the main judicial tool for enforcing rights.

Right under Article 46 of the Nepali Constitution to petition the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights, including public interest litigation. Courts may issue appropriate orders and writs to restore the violated right.

Authority of courts to examine whether laws, executive acts, and decisions comply with the constitution. In Nepal the Supreme Court may declare a law inconsistent with the constitution void to the extent of inconsistency.

Principle that everyone, including officials, is subject to law applied equally and fairly, with no arbitrary exercise of power. It underpins policing accountability, due process, and the idea that authority must have legal basis.

Requirement that state action affecting a person follow lawful procedure: notice, hearing, impartial decision-maker, and reasoned decision. In policing it governs arrest, detention, search, and disciplinary proceedings.

Two core fair-hearing rules: no one should be judge in their own cause, and both sides must be heard. Nepali courts apply these principles to administrative and disciplinary decisions even without explicit statutory wording.

Written order issued by a competent court authorizing police to arrest a named person. It must state the offence and identity, and arrest without one is allowed only in legally defined situations such as cognizable offences.

Offence for which police may investigate and arrest without a warrant or court order, typically serious crimes listed in law. Non-cognizable offences require court permission before investigation begins.

First recorded information about a cognizable offence, entered in the police station register and read back to the informant. It starts investigation and its copy is given free of cost to the complainant.

Court-authorized extension of custody of an arrested person while investigation continues. Police must produce the arrested person before a court within the legally fixed period, and further detention requires judicial order.

Writ ordering a person detaining someone to produce that person before court and justify the detention. It protects personal liberty and is available even where no ordinary legal remedy exists.

Case brought before court by any concerned person on behalf of the public or an affected group, relaxing ordinary standing rules. Nepali courts use it for environmental, consumer, and rights issues.

Formal hierarchy through which orders and accountability flow, from constable up through officers to the Inspector General. Clear chain of command prevents conflicting orders and fixes responsibility for operations and discipline.

Approach where police build ongoing partnership with residents, local groups, and institutions to prevent crime and solve local problems. It emphasizes trust, information sharing, and problem-solving over pure enforcement.

Death of a person while in police or prison custody. It triggers mandatory reporting, magisterial inquiry, and autopsy, and raises serious questions of accountability and the right to life.

Penalty imposed by law for a wrong, or formal authorization needed before certain legal actions. In criminal law it usually means the punishment prescribed for an offence; in procedure it can mean approval to prosecute.

Facts, documents, testimony, or physical items presented to prove or disprove a disputed fact. Admissibility depends on relevance, legality of collection, and rules excluding hearsay or improperly obtained material.

Systematic police process of collecting evidence about an alleged offence, including statements, scene examination, and expert reports. It must follow legal procedure, and findings feed into the prosecutor's decision to charge.

Obligation of police personnel to obey lawful orders, follow conduct rules, and face departmental action for breaches. Minor lapses may lead to warnings; serious misconduct can lead to suspension or dismissal.

Constitutional arrangement dividing state power among federal, provincial, and local governments, each with defined competences. Nepal's 2015 Constitution created seven provinces and 753 local units with enumerated powers.

Elected body convened to draft a constitution. Nepal's second Constituent Assembly promulgated the 2015 Constitution after the first assembly failed to complete the task amid political deadlock.

Supreme fundamental law establishing state structure, distribution of powers, rights, and duties, and limiting government authority. All other laws must conform to it, and courts can invalidate inconsistent provisions.

Transfer of powers, functions, and resources from central government to subnational bodies with some autonomy. In Nepal it shapes local service delivery, policing arrangements, and revenue sharing across government tiers.

Recent significant events, policies, appointments, and international developments a candidate should track. Exam questions often test awareness of national campaigns, economic indicators, treaties, and major appointments.

Nepali term for the Devanagari alphabet system, its letters and their classification into vowels and consonants. Grammar questions test correct ordering, pronunciation, and written form of these characters.

Rule-governed combination of adjacent sounds at word or morpheme boundaries, producing changes in written and spoken Nepali. Questions ask candidates to join or split words correctly using sandhi rules.

Compound formation in Nepali, joining two or more words into a single unit with a specific semantic relation. Candidates must identify compound type and split the compound back into constituents.

Parts of speech in Nepali grammar, classifying words by function such as noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, and indeclinable. Questions test identification of a word's class in a given sentence.

Syntactic case relation between a verb and its participants, such as doer, object, instrument, or recipient. Nepali marks these with postpositions, and grammar items test correct case selection.

Fixed expression whose meaning cannot be derived from its individual words, such as a phrase describing a situation figuratively. English tests ask candidates to choose the correct meaning or usage.

Verb combined with a particle or preposition producing a new meaning, such as give up or put off. Questions test correct particle choice, transitivity, and meaning in context.

Word with a meaning close to another word in a given context. Vocabulary items test the ability to select the closest equivalent and to reject near-misses with different connotations.

Word expressing the opposite meaning of another word. Questions require attention to context, since a word may have several opposites depending on the sense used.

Rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, with special cases for collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and compound subjects. Error-spotting items frequently test this.

Comparison of quantities by division and the equation of two such comparisons. Problems involve dividing amounts, mixing, and scaling, often combined with time, work, or partnership questions.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, used to compare change, discounts, and proportions. Many aptitude items combine percentage change with profit, loss, or population growth.

Sum of a set of values divided by the number of values, also called the arithmetic mean. Questions test changes in average when values are added, removed, or replaced.

Logical reasoning item presenting premises and asking which conclusion necessarily follows. Candidates must apply rules of distribution and avoid conclusions that are merely possible rather than certain.

Reasoning item giving a pair of related items and asking for a pair with the same relationship. Success depends on identifying the exact relation, such as part-to-whole or cause-to-effect.

Item presenting a sequence of numbers, letters, or figures and asking for the next or missing element. Candidates must detect the underlying rule, which may involve differences, ratios, or alternating patterns.