Constitution, Law and Public Administration
Constitution, Law and Public Administration tests the Constitution of Nepal 2072 (2015), federal distribution of powers, fundamental rights, and basic administrative principles. The paper favors article and schedule recall and a clear separation of tiers.
Core rules
- Constitution promulgated on 3 Ashoj 2072 (20 September 2015); Nepal is a federal democratic republic with three tiers: federal, provincial, and local.
- Schedules 5–9 distribute powers: Schedule 5 federal, 6 provincial, 7 concurrent federal–province, 8 local, and 9 concurrent province–local.
- Fundamental rights are justiciable; directive principles and state policies are not directly enforceable in court.
- Key rights: Article 16 right to live with dignity, Article 17 freedom, Article 18 equality; Article 51 contains directive principles.
- Public administration principles: hierarchy, unity of command, span of control, delegation, and centralization vs decentralization.
Worked example
"Which tier manages local roads?" Local roads appear in Schedule 8, so the local level (palika) handles them. Reason: Schedule 8 lists local-level powers; Schedule 7 is concurrent federal–province, not local.
Traps
- Assigning a Schedule 8 subject to the province.
- Treating directive principles as enforceable fundamental rights.
- Mixing the 2015 promulgation with the 2008 republic declaration.
- Confusing unity of command with unity of direction.