Nepal TSC Lower Secondary Teaching License flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Sandhi

The phonological process by which two adjacent sounds combine or change at a word boundary in Nepali, classified as swar sandhi, byanjan sandhi, and bisarga sandhi.

Samas

A Nepali compound-formation process joining two or more words into one; main types are tatpurush, karmadharay, dwandwa, dwigu, bahubrihi, and abyayibhab.

Ohm's law

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it at constant temperature, expressed as V = IR.

Sum of first n naturals

The formula n(n+1)/2 gives the total of the integers 1 through n; used to solve series and sequence problems in lower secondary mathematics.

Federalism in Nepal

Nepal's 2015 constitution created one federal government, seven provinces, and 753 local units, each with defined legislative and administrative powers.

SAARC

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, founded in 1985 in Dhaka with eight member states and a permanent secretariat in Kathmandu.

Sustainable Development Goals

Seventeen global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 with a 2030 target; SDG 4 concerns inclusive and equitable quality education.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with adult or peer guidance.

Piaget's formal operational stage

The fourth cognitive stage, beginning around age eleven, in which learners reason abstractly, form hypotheses, and test them systematically.

Operant conditioning

Skinner's learning principle that behaviour is shaped by its consequences: reinforcement increases a behaviour and punishment decreases it.

Bloom's revised taxonomy

A six-level classification of cognitive objectives ordered as remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate, and create, used to write measurable learning outcomes.

Curriculum Development Centre

Nepal's national body at Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, responsible for preparing school curricula and textbooks in line with national education policy.

Lesson plan components

A lesson plan states objectives, materials, prior knowledge, introduction, presentation, practice, evaluation, and homework, ending with teacher reflection.

Annual work plan

A year-long schedule distributing curriculum units and textbook chapters across teaching weeks, from which daily lesson plans are derived.

Formative assessment

Ongoing assessment used to monitor learning and adjust teaching; it provides feedback rather than a final grade and is called assessment for learning.

Criterion-referenced assessment

Assessment that judges a learner's performance against stated objectives or criteria rather than against the performance of other learners.

Difficulty index

The proportion of test-takers answering an item correctly, calculated as number correct divided by number attempted; moderate values around 0.3 to 0.7 are preferred.

Table of specification

A test blueprint that maps content units against cognitive levels to ensure a question paper samples the syllabus proportionally.

Kārak in Nepali

Case relations marked by suffixes such as -le for agent or instrument, -lāi for object or recipient, -bāṭa for source, and -mā for location.

Nepali varna-mālā

The Nepali alphabet, comprising eleven vowels (swar), thirty-three consonants (byanjan), and two semi-vowels, plus dependent vowel signs.

Pūrṇa viram

The Nepali full-stop symbol written as a vertical bar, used to end a declarative sentence in place of the English period.

Third conditional

A sentence pattern using if plus past perfect in the condition and would have plus past participle in the result, describing unreal past situations.

Reported speech backshift

When reporting speech, present tenses usually shift to past and past to past perfect, with pronouns and time words adjusted accordingly.

Passive voice formation

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus past participle, and the original agent may be added after by.

Question tag rule

A positive statement takes a negative tag and a negative statement a positive tag, with the tag matching the auxiliary and subject pronoun.

Article 31 right to education

The Constitution of Nepal 2072 guarantees every citizen the right to free and compulsory basic education and to free secondary education.

Education Act 2028 BS

Nepal's principal school education law, amended over time, governing school establishment, teacher appointment, and management committees.

Teacher Service Commission

Nepal's statutory body under the 2000 Act that conducts teacher selection examinations and recommends successful candidates for permanent posts.

Teacher professional ethics

Expected conduct including learner confidentiality, impartiality, avoidance of corporal punishment, and avoidance of conflicts of interest.

Learning Management System

Software such as Moodle that delivers courses online, hosting resources, assignments, quizzes, discussion forums, and a gradebook in one place.

Flipped learning

A blended model in which learners study content at home through videos or readings and use class time for discussion and guided practice.

Open Educational Resources

Teaching and learning materials released under open licences that allow free use, reuse, adaptation, and redistribution without permission fees.