Educational Policy, Acts, Regulations and Teacher Professional Ethics (Nepal)
What is tested
Constitutional and legal provisions governing schools, teachers' service conditions, and the ethical code a licence holder must follow. Items are usually short scenarios or year-matching.
Legal frame
- Constitution of Nepal 2072 (2015), Article 31: free and compulsory basic education and free secondary education, plus a dignified learning environment; Article 32 protects language and culture.
- Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2075 (2018): free admission, no fee or donation at basic level, no discrimination, no expulsion, prohibition of corporal punishment; local levels are the responsible authority.
- Education Act 2028 (1971) and Education Rules 2059 (2002): establishment, recognition, teacher recruitment and discipline, amended to devolve school management to local levels.
- Teacher Service Commission: licence examination and teacher selection. National Examinations Board (2073): SEE (grade 10) and grade 12; grade 8 assessment is managed locally.
- Policy: School Education Sector Plan (2022–2030) continues the access–equity–quality agenda of the SSDP.
Worked example
A teacher canes a grade 7 student for repeated absence. Identify the breaches: corporal punishment is prohibited by the RTE Act 2075 and the Children's Act 2075, and it breaches the professional code of conduct. The correct response is to record the absence, contact the guardian and use counselling and school support. Any option describing physical punishment as permissible discipline is wrong.
Traps that cost marks
- Mixing Bikram Sambat and AD years (2028 BS = 1971 AD; 2075 BS = 2018 AD).
- Assuming the federal ministry still appoints basic-level teachers - local levels do.
- Confusing CDC (curriculum), NEB (examinations) and TSC (licensing and recruitment).