NY Well Driller flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Static water level
- The level at which water stands in a well when the pump is off and the water has recovered to equilibrium.
- Drawdown
- The difference between the static water level and the pumping water level in a well during pumping.
- Specific capacity
- Pumping rate divided by drawdown, usually expressed in gallons per minute per foot (gpm/ft); a measure of well performance.
- Transmissivity
- The rate at which water is transmitted through a unit width of aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient; equals hydraulic conductivity times saturated thickness.
- Cone of depression
- The downward-curved water table or potentiometric surface around a pumping well caused by drawdown.
- Annular seal
- The grouted space between the well casing and the borehole wall, placed to prevent surface and shallow groundwater from entering the well.
- Tremie grouting
- Placing grout by pumping it from the bottom of the annular space upward so the casing is sealed without voids.
- Sanitary well seal
- A watertight, vented cap at the top of the casing that excludes surface water, insects, and debris while allowing access.
- Pitless adapter
- A fitting that lets the pump discharge line exit the casing below frost line while keeping the well sealed.
- Gravel pack
- A graded sand or gravel placed around a well screen in unconsolidated formations to reduce sand production and improve yield.
- Mud rotary drilling
- A rotary method using bentonite-based drilling fluid to cool the bit, lift cuttings, and stabilize the borehole.
- Cable-tool drilling
- A percussion method that advances a hole by repeatedly dropping a heavy bit and removes cuttings with a bailer.
- Lost circulation
- The loss of drilling fluid into a permeable or fractured formation, reducing cuttings return and hole stability.
- Well development
- The process of removing drilling fluid, cuttings, and fines from the formation around a well to improve yield and water clarity.
- Constant-rate pump test
- A test that pumps a well at a fixed rate while measuring drawdown over time to estimate yield and aquifer properties.
- Well disinfection
- Treating a well with a chlorine solution after construction or repair, holding contact time, then flushing before sampling.
- Total coliform
- A group of bacteria used as an indicator of sanitary quality; a positive result in a well signals possible contamination.
- Pressure tank precharge
- The air pressure in a pressure tank, typically set about 2 psi below the pump cut-in pressure to prevent rapid cycling.
- Cut-in pressure
- The low pressure setting at which the pressure switch starts the pump to restore system pressure.
- Total dynamic head
- The total head a pump must overcome, including static lift, drawdown, friction loss, and pressure head.
- Submersible pump setting
- The depth at which a submersible pump is installed, below the pumping water level but above the well bottom.
- Check valve
- A one-way valve on the pump discharge that prevents backflow and keeps the drop pipe primed.
- Well abandonment
- The permanent decommissioning of an unused well by sealing it with grout to prevent contamination of the aquifer.
- Grout plug
- A continuous seal of cement or bentonite placed in an abandoned well from bottom to top to block vertical water movement.
- Abandonment record
- Documentation of a well's decommissioning, including method, materials, volumes, and final condition, filed with the authority.
- 10 NYCRR Subpart 5-1
- The New York State drinking water regulation that sets requirements for well construction, setbacks, and water quality for potable supplies.
- Well completion report
- A record filed after drilling that documents well location, depth, casing, screen, grout, yield, and water-quality results.
- Well permit
- An authorization from the local health department or DEC to construct a well, subject to setback, casing, and grouting conditions.
- Call 811
- The free utility-locating service that must be contacted before drilling to mark underground gas, electric, and communication lines.
- Confined space entry
- Entering a well pit or vault with limited access and possible hazardous atmosphere, requiring testing, ventilation, and a rescue plan.
- Drilling fluid containment
- On-site measures to contain and properly dispose of drilling mud and cuttings so they do not contaminate soil or surface water.
- Lockout/tagout
- An energy-isolation procedure used before servicing pumps or electrical controls to prevent accidental startup and injury.