ORIGO Hungarian C1 flashcards
ORIGO Hungarian C1 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Skimming
- Reading a text quickly to get the main idea, typically by focusing on topic sentences, headings, and first and last paragraphs.
- Scanning
- Searching a text rapidly for specific information such as names, dates, or numbers without reading every word.
- Topic sentence
- The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph, usually found at the beginning or sometimes at the end.
- Cohesion
- The way sentences and paragraphs are connected through pronouns, discourse markers, and lexical chains to create a unified text.
- Distractor
- An incorrect answer option that seems plausible but does not match the text or recording; often repeats exact words from the passage.
- Paraphrase
- Expressing the same meaning using different words; correct answers in reading tasks are usually paraphrases of the original text.
- Gapped text
- A reading task in which sentences are removed from a text and the candidate must choose the correct sentence to fill each gap.
- Word limit
- The maximum number of words allowed in a summary or completion task; exceeding it results in zero points for that item.
- Gist listening
- Listening for the general meaning or main idea of a recording rather than for specific details.
- Note completion
- A listening task where the candidate fills in missing words in a set of notes or sentences based on the recording.
- Distractor in listening
- Information in a recording that is mentioned but later corrected or contradicted; the final stated version is the correct answer.
- True/False item
- A listening or reading question where the statement must match the source exactly in meaning; partially true statements are false.
- Fillers
- Words like 'hát', 'szóval', 'ugye' used in natural speech that carry little meaning and can be ignored when extracting key information.
- Spelling in completion tasks
- The requirement to copy names and places exactly as heard, letter by letter, when they are spelled out in the recording.
- Grammatical compatibility
- In note completion, the answer must fit the gap grammatically, including articles, prepositions, and singular or plural agreement.
- Two-play rule
- Each listening recording is played twice; use the first play for gist and the second for detail verification.
- Task achievement
- A writing assessment criterion measuring whether the candidate has covered all required bullet points and fulfilled the task.
- Cohesion in writing
- The use of discourse markers, pronouns, and paragraph structure to connect ideas smoothly and logically in a written text.
- Formal letter conventions
- Hungarian formal letters use 'Tisztelt …!' for salutation and 'Üdvözlettel' for closing, and avoid contractions and colloquial language.
- Discourse markers C1
- Advanced linking words such as 'egyrészt … másrészt', 'ennek ellenére', 'következésképpen', and 'mindazonáltal' used to connect ideas.
- Word count penalty
- Writing fewer than the minimum word count loses points; writing more than 10% over the maximum may also be penalized.
- Essay structure
- A clear introduction stating the purpose, two or three body paragraphs each with one idea, and a conclusion summarizing or recommending.
- Accuracy criterion
- A writing assessment criterion covering correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar, including Hungarian comma rules.
- Range criterion
- A writing assessment criterion measuring the variety and appropriateness of vocabulary and grammatical structures used.
- Fluency and coherence
- A speaking assessment criterion measuring how smoothly and logically the candidate speaks without undue hesitation.
- Interaction score
- A speaking assessment criterion measuring the candidate's ability to initiate, respond, and maintain conversation appropriately.
- Monologue structure
- A speaking task structure: introduce the topic, give two or three main points with examples, and conclude with a personal opinion.
- Role-play language
- Functional phrases for specific situations, such as 'Szeretnék panaszt tenni' for complaining or 'Meg tudná mondani, hogy…?' for requesting.
- Hungarian word stress
- In Hungarian, the primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word, regardless of word length.
- C1 grammar structures
- Advanced structures such as conditional 'Ha tehetném', passive 'meg lett oldva', reported speech 'azt mondta, hogy', and complex subordinate clauses.
- Clarification request
- Asking the examiner to repeat a question in Hungarian, e.g., 'Elnézést, megismételné?', which is not penalized and shows interaction skill.
- Pronunciation band
- A speaking assessment criterion covering correct word stress, natural intonation for questions and lists, and clear articulation.