Analysis and Problem Solving
This domain tests whether you can move from symptom to a defensible recommendation using explicit reasoning that another person could audit.
Core sequence
- Define the problem in measurable terms.
- Separate cause from symptom using 5 Whys or a fishbone covering people, process, technology and environment.
- Generate options that are genuinely different, including "do nothing".
- Appraise with criteria, weights and evidence; test sensitivity.
- Recommend with assumptions and residual risk stated.
Worked example
Three options address a backlog problem. Criteria and weights: cycle time 40%, cost 30%, risk 30%. Option A scores 4, 3, 2; B scores 3, 5, 4; C scores 5, 2, 3 on a 1–5 scale. Weighted: A = 1.6 + 0.9 + 0.6 = 3.1; B = 1.2 + 1.5 + 1.2 = 3.9; C = 2.0 + 0.6 + 0.9 = 3.5. Reasoning: B wins, but if the risk weight rises to 50%, C may overtake. State that sensitivity rather than hiding it. Also check data quality: scores based on opinion are weaker than measured cycle times, so record the evidence behind each score.
Traps
- Jumping to a solution before defining the problem.
- Using 5 Whys until it becomes speculation.
- Weighted scoring with unstated weights.
- Ignoring "do nothing" and real constraints.
- Presenting a single number without sensitivity.
- Confirmation bias disguised as consultation.