ALS A&E Junior High key terms

The most important point a paragraph or passage is trying to communicate. It is broader than a detail and is usually stated or implied in a topic sentence.

A sentence, usually at the start of a paragraph, that states the main idea and tells the reader what the rest of the paragraph will explain.

A fact, example, or reason that explains or proves the main idea. Details answer questions like who, what, when, or why.

A conclusion a reader draws by combining clues in the text with prior knowledge, even though the idea is not stated directly.

Information in nearby words or sentences that helps a reader guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word.

A word that has nearly the same meaning as another word, such as 'happy' and 'glad'.

A word that means the opposite of another word, such as 'hot' and 'cold'.

A fact can be proven true with evidence, while an opinion expresses a belief, feeling, or judgment that others may disagree with.

The attitude a writer expresses toward the subject, such as serious, humorous, or critical, shown through word choice.

An unfair leaning toward or against an idea or group that keeps a writer from presenting a balanced view.

Ang sanhi ay ang dahilan kung bakit nangyari ang isang bagay, at ang bunga ay ang kinalabasan o epekto nito.

Ang pinakamahalagang kaisipang nais iparating ng isang talata o teksto; maaaring tuwirang sinabi o ipinahiwatig lamang.

Ang mga salita o pangungusap sa paligid ng isang hindi pamilyar na salita na tumutulong upang malaman ang kahulugan nito.

A testable prediction or possible explanation that can be checked through observation or experiment before being accepted.

Any factor in an experiment that can change or be changed, such as temperature, time, or amount of light.

A test in which only one factor is changed at a time while all other conditions are kept the same, so results can be compared fairly.

An observation is something noted directly through the senses or measurement, while an inference is an explanation or interpretation based on those observations.

Information or data that supports or challenges a claim. Strong evidence is relevant, measurable, and can be checked by others.

An organized way of investigating questions: observe, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test it, analyze results, and draw conclusions.

A natural resource that nature replaces within a human lifetime, such as sunlight, wind, or water, unlike coal or oil.

A community of living things interacting with each other and with their nonliving surroundings, such as soil, water, and air.

The path by which energy passes from one living thing to another, starting with plants and ending with predators or decomposers.

The movement of energy from one object or system to another, as when heat flows from a hot object to a cooler one.

A comparison of two quantities by division, often written as a fraction or with a colon, such as 3:4.

An equation stating that two ratios are equal, used to solve problems about scaling, such as recipe amounts or map distances.

A number expressed as a part of one hundred, written with the percent sign, such as 25% meaning 25 out of 100.

Three measures of center: the mean is the average, the median is the middle value when ordered, and the mode is the most frequent value.

A number from 0 to 1 describing how likely an event is, calculated as favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.

The skill of reading a chart or graph to identify trends, compare values, and note the labels, units, and scale used.

An equation whose graph is a straight line, usually written as y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b the y-intercept.

A short written summary of a person's education, work experience, and skills, sent to employers when applying for a job.

A brief letter sent with a resume that explains why the applicant wants a particular job and why they are suited for it.

A meeting where an employer asks an applicant questions to judge their skills, experience, and fit for a position.

A plan that lists expected income and expenses over a period, helping a person decide how much to save and spend.

Needs are things required for survival and basic well-being, such as food and shelter; wants are extras that improve comfort but are not essential.

Money set aside and not spent now, often kept for emergencies or future goals, sometimes earning interest in a bank.

The trail of information a person leaves online through posts, searches, and accounts, which can affect reputation and privacy.

Practices that protect accounts, such as using long unique passwords, avoiding personal details, and never sharing passwords with others.

A trick in which a scammer pretends to be a trusted person or company to get someone to reveal passwords or personal information.

Using digital messages, posts, or images to harass, threaten, or embarrass another person, often repeatedly.

Respectful and appropriate behavior when communicating online, including polite language and respecting others' privacy.

Judging whether online information is reliable by checking the author, date, evidence, and whether other trusted sources agree.