PMA Long Course Initial Test flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Phrases placed between them, such as 'along with the officers', do not change the verb's number.

Active to passive voice

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus the past participle, and the original subject is added after 'by' if it is kept.

Prepositions of time

Use 'in' for months, years, and seasons; 'on' for days and dates; 'at' for clock times and the word night. Example: at 5 pm on Monday in July.

Idiom: once in a blue moon

A figurative expression meaning something happens very rarely. It is not literal and should not be read as an astronomical statement about the moon's colour.

Average speed for equal distances

When two equal distances are covered at speeds a and b, average speed is 2ab divided by (a + b). It is not the simple mean of a and b.

Percentage change formula

Percentage change equals the new value minus the old value, divided by the old value, then multiplied by 100. A negative result indicates a decrease.

Compound interest amount

Amount equals principal multiplied by (1 + R/100) raised to the power T, where R is the annual rate and T the number of years.

Circle area and circumference

Area equals pi times the square of the radius; circumference equals 2 times pi times the radius. Pi is approximately 3.1416.

Ratio division rule

To divide a total in the ratio m to n, first add m and n to get the number of parts, then give m parts and n parts of the total.

Newton's second law

Force equals mass times acceleration. With mass in kilograms and acceleration in metres per second squared, force is expressed in newtons.

Ohm's law

Voltage equals current times resistance. It holds for conductors at constant temperature, allowing any one quantity to be found from the other two.

Mass versus weight

Mass is the amount of matter and stays constant everywhere. Weight is the gravitational force on that mass and changes with local gravity.

Density and floating

Density equals mass divided by volume. An object floats in a fluid when its average density is less than the density of that fluid.

Laws of reflection

Light striking a surface reflects so that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, both measured from the normal to the surface.

Sound speed by medium

Sound requires a material medium and cannot travel through a vacuum. It moves fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.

Pakistan independence date

Pakistan became independent on 14 August 1947. India's independence followed on 15 August 1947, after the partition of British India.

First Governor-General of Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as Pakistan's first Governor-General. Liaquat Ali Khan became the country's first Prime Minister in the same period.

Pakistan national symbols

Pakistan's national animal is the markhor, its national tree is the deodar, and its national language is Urdu. The capital city is Islamabad.

United Nations basics

The United Nations was founded in 1945 and is headquartered in New York. Its Security Council has five permanent members holding veto power.

Indus River

The Indus is Pakistan's longest river, flowing from the Himalayas through the country to the Arabian Sea near Karachi.

Letter position arithmetic

Convert letters to numbers using A as 1 through Z as 26, find the constant difference or pattern, then convert the result back to a letter.

Analogy question rule

First state the precise relationship between the two given words, then choose the option whose words share exactly that same relationship.

Ranking total formula

If a person stands nth from the left and mth from the right in a row, the total number of people is n plus m minus one.

Direction sense with Pythagoras

After drawing the path, right-angled turns create a triangle. Net displacement is the square root of the sum of the squares of the two legs.

Five Pillars of Islam

The five pillars are Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).

Zakat rate

Zakat is normally 2.5 percent of qualifying wealth that has been held for one complete lunar year, given to specified categories of recipients.

Qur'an structure

The Qur'an contains 114 surahs. Al-Fatihah is the first surah and Al-Baqarah is the longest, while surahs are arranged by revelation and length.

Hijrah and Islamic calendar

The Hijrah was the Prophet Muhammad's migration from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. It marks the starting point of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Push-up counting standard

A push-up counts only when the body stays straight, the elbows bend to roughly 90 degrees, and the arms return to full extension.

Endurance training principle

Running endurance improves through gradual, progressive increases in weekly distance with rest days, rather than sudden large jumps that risk injury.

Warm-up versus cool-down

A warm-up raises heart rate and prepares muscles before exercise. Static stretching is best placed after activity, during the cool-down, when muscles are warm.

Medical vision requirement

Recruits must meet a set visual acuity standard and pass a colour vision check. Uncorrected or corrected limits vary by branch and category.

Common disqualifying findings

Flat feet, knock knees, significant spinal deformity, chronic ear disease, and uncontrolled high blood pressure are typical grounds for medical rejection.