Pak Army Soldier Test flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Present perfect tense

A tense formed with has or have plus the past participle. It links a past action to the present, as in 'She has finished her work'.

Active to passive voice

Move the object to the subject position and use the correct form of be with the past participle, keeping the original tense: 'Ali writes a letter' becomes 'A letter is written by Ali'.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Words like each, every, either and neither take a singular verb.

Its versus it's

'Its' is the possessive form meaning belonging to it. 'It's' is the contraction of 'it is' or 'it has', so the apostrophe replaces missing letters.

BODMAS order of operations

Evaluate in this order: Brackets, Orders or powers, then Division and Multiplication from left to right, then Addition and Subtraction from left to right.

Profit percentage formula

Profit equals selling price minus cost price. Profit percent equals profit divided by cost price, multiplied by 100, because percentage is always taken on cost price.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal times rate times time, divided by 100, written SI = PRT/100. The rate is per year and time is in years.

Pythagoras theorem

In a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: hypotenuse squared = base squared + perpendicular squared.

HCF and LCM relation

For two numbers, the highest common factor multiplied by the lowest common multiple equals the product of the two numbers. This lets you find one from the other.

Lahore Resolution 1940

Passed on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore, it demanded independent Muslim states in the north-west and eastern zones of the subcontinent.

First constitution of Pakistan

Pakistan's first constitution was enforced in 1956, declaring the country an Islamic republic. The present constitution was adopted in 1973.

National animal of Pakistan

The markhor, a wild mountain goat with spiral horns, is Pakistan's national animal. The national bird is the chukar partridge and the national tree is the deodar.

K2 highest peak

K2, also called Godwin-Austen, lies in the Karakoram range and rises to 8,611 metres. It is Pakistan's highest peak and the world's second highest.

Indus Waters Treaty 1960

A treaty between Pakistan and India, brokered by the World Bank, dividing the rivers: Pakistan got the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab, and India got the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas.

Five pillars of Islam

Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (five daily prayers), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), Zakat (obligatory charity) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah for those who can afford it).

Zakat rate

Zakat is obligatory charity at 2.5 percent of qualifying wealth held for one complete lunar year, payable by Muslims who own wealth above the minimum threshold.

Hijrah of the Prophet

The migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. It marks the start of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Quran surah count

The Holy Quran contains 114 surahs. The longest is Al-Baqarah and the first revealed verses came from Surah Al-Alaq.

Newton's second law

The net force on a body equals its mass times its acceleration, written F = ma. Force is measured in newtons when mass is in kilograms and acceleration in metres per second squared.

Ohm's law

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, so V = IR. Resistance R is in ohms when V is in volts and I in amperes.

Kinetic energy formula

Kinetic energy equals half the mass times the square of the speed, KE = ½mv², measured in joules. Doubling the speed quadruples the kinetic energy.

Difference between mass and weight

Mass is the quantity of matter in a body and stays constant everywhere. Weight is the force of gravity on it, weight = mass × g, and changes with gravity.

Speed of sound

Sound is a mechanical wave needing a material medium, so it cannot travel through a vacuum. It travels about 340 metres per second in air and faster in solids.

Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It identifies the element and, in a neutral atom, equals the number of electrons.

Acids and bases

Acids have pH below 7 and turn blue litmus red. Bases have pH above 7 and turn red litmus blue. A pH of exactly 7 is neutral.

Neutralisation reaction

An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water, for example hydrochloric acid plus sodium hydroxide gives sodium chloride plus water.

Chemical versus physical change

A chemical change forms a new substance and is usually irreversible, such as rusting or burning. A physical change alters only state or shape, such as melting ice.

Photosynthesis equation

Carbon dioxide plus water, using sunlight and chlorophyll in chloroplasts, produces glucose and oxygen. This process stores energy and releases oxygen into the air.

Mitochondria function

Mitochondria are cell organelles that release energy from glucose during respiration. Cells with high energy needs, such as muscle cells, contain many of them.

Universal blood donor

People with blood group O negative are universal donors because their red cells carry no A, B or Rh antigens. Group AB positive is the universal recipient.

Byte and bit

A bit is a single binary digit, 0 or 1. One byte equals 8 bits, and 1 kilobyte equals 1024 bytes in standard binary measurement.

LAN versus WAN

A local area network covers a small area such as an office or school. A wide area network spans large distances, and the internet is the largest example.

Flowchart decision symbol

In a flowchart a diamond shape represents a decision with yes or no branches. Ovals mark start and stop, rectangles mark processes, and parallelograms mark input or output.