Biology
Biology in the Pak Army Soldier Test checks cell structure, photosynthesis and respiration, human body systems, health, and basic classification. Questions focus on functions and clear comparisons.
Core rules
- Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not have a cell wall.
- Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water with sunlight to make glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts.
- Respiration releases energy from glucose; aerobic respiration uses oxygen.
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins return blood to the heart.
- Inhaled air has more oxygen; exhaled air has more carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Worked example
A cell has a rigid cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Identify the cell. Reasoning: chloroplasts allow photosynthesis, the cell wall gives shape, and the large vacuole stores sap. These features are typical of a plant cell, not an animal cell.
Traps
Do not say plants do not respire; they photosynthesize and respire. Do not confuse arteries with veins by oxygen content alone: the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood. Do not mix mitosis, which produces body cells, with meiosis, which produces gametes. Read whether a question asks for the organ or its function.
Exam focus
Learn labeled functions rather than only names: chloroplast for photosynthesis, mitochondria for energy release, roots for absorption, and lungs for gas exchange.