Professional - Punjab Land Revenue and Tehsil Administration
This is the decisive section. It tests the Punjab Land Revenue Act 1967 and the Land Revenue Rules 1968, the revenue hierarchy, record-of-rights documents, mutation procedure, partition, and the everyday duties of a Naib-Tehsildar. Learn the vocabulary in Punjabi/Urdu as the paper uses it.
Hierarchy and key documents
- Board of Revenue, Punjab heads revenue administration; Deputy Commissioner is Collector of the district; the Assistant Commissioner is Assistant Collector Grade I; the Tehsildar exercises Assistant Collector Grade II powers; the Naib-Tehsildar assists and discharges delegated revenue duties at circle level; the Patwari maintains village papers under the Girdawar/Qanungo.
- Record of Rights (Fard Malkiat): extract showing owner, occupancy tenant and cultivator per khasra.
- Jamabandi: the periodic village account of rights; Shajra Nasab: pedigree table; Khasra/Khatoni: plot number and ownership column; Aks Shajra: village map; Tatima: supplementary sheet.
- Mutation (Intiqal): under section 42, a change in rights is reported and attested; warisi mutation records inheritance; sanction does not itself transfer title - it records an already-occurring change.
Worked example
"How many square yards are in 3 kanal 12 marla?" Revenue standard: 1 marla = 30.25 sq yd, 20 marla = 1 kanal = 605 sq yd. 3 × 605 = 1815; 12 × 30.25 = 363; total 2178 sq yd.
Traps
- Equating mutation with registration - sale deeds are registered with the Sub-Registrar under the Registration Act 1908; mutation is the revenue record entry.
- Confusing Fard (extract) with Jamabandi (village account).
- Using the housing-society marla (1 kanal = 500 sq yd) in revenue arithmetic.
- Ignoring limitation and appeal routes to the Collector and Board of Revenue.