PPSC Tehsildar flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Radcliffe Award date

The boundary between India and Pakistan was demarcated by the Radcliffe Award, announced on 17 August 1947, three days after Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947.

Objectives Resolution

Passed by Pakistan's Constituent Assembly on 12 March 1949 and moved by Liaquat Ali Khan, it laid down that sovereignty belongs to Allah and that the state would safeguard minority rights.

Indus Waters Treaty

Signed at Karachi on 19 September 1960 by Ayub Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru with World Bank mediation, allocating eastern rivers to India and western rivers largely to Pakistan.

Pakistan's highest peak

K2, also called Chogori, rises to 8,611 metres in the Karakoram range and is the highest point in Pakistan and the second-highest mountain in the world.

Article 251

The article of Pakistan's 1973 Constitution that declares Urdu the national language and allows English to be used for official purposes until arrangements for its replacement are made.

First Constitution of Pakistan

Enforced on 23 March 1956, it established Pakistan as an Islamic Republic with a parliamentary system and a single house; it was abrogated in 1958.

Fewer versus less

'Fewer' modifies countable plural nouns such as books or people, while 'less' modifies uncountable nouns such as water, time, or money.

Comprise usage rule

'Comprise' means 'consist of' and takes a direct object without 'of'; write 'the committee comprises ten members', not 'is comprised of ten members'.

Passive voice formation

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus the past participle, and the original subject appears in a 'by' phrase or is omitted.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result; 'effect' as a verb means to bring about.

Direct to indirect speech

Converting quoted speech to reported speech shifts present tenses to past, adjusts pronouns to the reporter, and changes time and place words such as now to then and here to there.

To bell the cat

An idiom meaning to take on a dangerous or difficult task on behalf of a group, derived from the fable of mice proposing to bell a predatory cat.

Candid antonym

The antonym of 'candid', which means frank and open, is 'evasive', meaning deliberately vague or avoiding a direct answer.

Prefer preposition

The verb 'prefer' is followed by 'to' rather than 'than' when comparing two things, as in 'she prefers tea to coffee'.

Urdu alphabet size

The standard Urdu alphabet contains 38 letters written right-to-left in a modified Perso-Arabic script, including retroflex and aspirated consonants absent from Arabic.

Ghazal structure

A ghazal is a series of couplets sharing a refrain (radif) and rhyme (qafiya); the first couplet is the matla and the last, containing the poet's pen name, is the maqta.

Takhallus

The pen name a classical Urdu poet adopts and inserts into the final couplet (maqta) of a ghazal, such as Ghalib or Faiz.

Bang-e-Dra

A 1924 collection of Urdu poetry by Allama Muhammad Iqbal; his Persian work of the same period includes Asrar-e-Khudi, published in 1915.

Urdu genitive agreement

The Urdu genitive markers ka, ke, and ki agree in gender, number, and case with the possessed noun, not with the possessor.

Aankh ka tara

An Urdu idiom literally meaning 'the star of the eye', used to describe a person who is extremely dear or precious to someone.

Naak katna

An Urdu idiom literally meaning 'to have one's nose cut', signifying to be disgraced or to lose face in front of others.

Five Pillars of Islam

Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salah (prayer), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), Zakat (obligatory alms), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah for those able).

Zakat rate and nisab

Zakat is 2.5 percent of qualifying wealth held for one lunar year above the nisab, commonly set at the value of 7.5 tola gold or 52.5 tola silver.

Hijrah year

The migration of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE marks year one of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Khulafa-e-Rashideen

The four Rightly Guided Caliphs who led the Muslim community after the Prophet (PBUH): Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib.

Sources of Islamic law

The primary sources are the Qur'an and Sunnah, supplemented by Ijma (consensus of scholars) and Qiyas (analogical reasoning); Ijtihad is independent juristic reasoning.

Surah Al-Baqarah

The longest chapter of the Qur'an, containing 286 verses; the shortest surah is Al-Kawthar with three verses, and the Qur'an has 114 surahs in total.

Amanah

An Islamic ethical principle meaning trustworthiness, requiring a person to faithfully discharge duties and safeguard what has been entrusted to them.

Patwari duties

The village accountant who maintains the record of rights, prepares jamabandi and khasra entries, and reports mutations; supervised by the Girdawar and Tehsildar.

Jamabandi

The record of rights in land prepared annually under land revenue law, listing owners, cultivators, and revenue assessed for each khasra number in a village.

Mutation (intiqal)

An entry in the revenue record recording a change of ownership or rights in land, attested by the Tehsildar or another empowered revenue officer under land revenue law.

Punjab Land Revenue Act 1967

The provincial statute governing assessment and collection of land revenue, attestation of mutations, partition, and appointment of village officers such as Lambardars in Punjab.