Military Academy Belgrade Entrance Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Quadratic discriminant

For ax² + bx + c = 0, the discriminant D = b² - 4ac. If D > 0 there are two distinct real roots, if D = 0 one repeated real root, if D < 0 no real roots.

Vieta's formulas

For the quadratic ax² + bx + c = 0, the sum of the two roots equals -b/a and the product of the roots equals c/a. Useful for finding roots without full solving.

Sum of arithmetic progression

For an arithmetic progression with first term a₁ and common difference d, the nth term is a₁ + (n-1)d and the sum of the first n terms is n(a₁ + aₙ)/2.

Pythagorean theorem

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the two legs: c² = a² + b². Used to find unknown side lengths and distances.

Logarithm product rule

The logarithm of a product equals the sum of the logarithms: log(xy) = log x + log y. The quotient rule gives log(x/y) = log x - log y and the power rule log(xⁿ) = n·log x.

Newton's second law

The net force on an object equals its mass times its acceleration: F = ma. Acceleration is proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass, pointing in the force's direction.

Ohm's law

For a conductor at constant temperature, voltage equals current times resistance: V = IR. Electric power dissipated is P = VI = I²R = V²/R.

Kinetic and potential energy

Kinetic energy is ½mv²; gravitational potential energy near Earth's surface is mgh. When only conservative forces act, their sum remains constant during motion.

Wave speed relation

For any periodic wave, speed equals frequency times wavelength: v = f·λ. Increasing frequency at fixed speed shortens the wavelength proportionally.

Coulomb's law

The electrostatic force between two point charges is F = k·|q₁q₂|/r², where k ≈ 9×10⁹ N·m²/C². The force is attractive for opposite charges and repulsive for like charges.

Serbian Cyrillic alphabet size

The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet has 30 letters, and the Latin alphabet maps one-to-one onto it. Letters such as љ, њ, џ, ђ, ћ, and ј each represent a single sound.

Vuk Karadžić reform

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić reformed Serbian writing in the 19th century around the principle 'write as you speak', producing a phonetic orthography in which pronunciation guides spelling.

Serbian noun cases

Serbian nouns decline through seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, and locative, in both singular and plural, with three grammatical genders.

Verbal aspect in Serbian

Serbian verbs are perfective or imperfective. Perfective verbs present an action as completed or bounded; imperfective verbs present it as ongoing, repeated, or incomplete.

Serbian phonetic orthography

Serbian spelling follows pronunciation, so consonant voicing assimilates in writing. For example, a voiced consonant before a voiceless one is written as its voiceless counterpart.

UN Security Council

The United Nations Security Council has five permanent members holding veto power and ten elected non-permanent members. It bears primary responsibility for international peace and security.

NATO founding

NATO was founded in 1949 with headquarters in Brussels. Its founding treaty includes Article 5, which treats an armed attack on one member as an attack on all.

Serbian currency and status

Serbia's currency is the Serbian dinar (RSD), and Belgrade is its capital. Serbia is an official candidate for European Union membership and has 24 administrative districts plus Belgrade.

Nobel Prize categories

Nobel Prizes are awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, plus the economic sciences prize. They are announced annually, with the peace prize awarded in Oslo.

Conditional statement truth

An 'if P then Q' statement is false only when P is true and Q is false. Its contrapositive, 'if not Q then not P', is logically equivalent to the original statement.

Syllogism validity

A syllogistic conclusion is valid only if it holds in every case where the premises are true. A 'some' conclusion requires actual overlap, not mere compatibility of the premises.

Negating universal statements

The negation of 'all A are B' is 'some A are not B', and the negation of 'no A is B' is 'some A are B'. Quantifier negation swaps 'all' with 'some' and flips the predicate.

Clock hand angles

On an analog clock the minute hand moves 6° per minute and the hour hand moves 30° per hour, or 0.5° per minute. The angle between them changes by 5.5° per minute.

Body mass index

BMI is body mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Standard adult categories are underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, overweight 25 to 29.9, and obese 30 or above.

Cooper 12-minute run

The Cooper test measures the distance covered in twelve minutes of running, estimating aerobic capacity. Greater distance indicates better cardiovascular endurance and is compared against age- and sex-based norms.

Shuttle run beep test

The shuttle run test increases running pace at set intervals signaled by beeps. The score is the final level and shuttle reached before the candidate cannot keep pace with the signal.

Sit-and-reach test

The sit-and-reach test measures lower back and hamstring flexibility. The candidate sits with legs straight and reaches forward as far as possible, recording the distance in centimeters.

Standing long jump

The standing long jump measures explosive lower-body power. From a standing start, the candidate jumps forward and the score is the horizontal distance from the take-off line to the nearest landing point.

Informed consent in testing

Before psychological or medical assessment, candidates must be told the purpose, procedures, and uses of results, and must agree voluntarily. Consent may be withdrawn unless testing is legally mandated.

Color vision screening

Color vision deficiency is detected with plates such as Ishihara tests. It commonly disqualifies candidates from specialties requiring accurate color discrimination, such as wiring or signaling work.

Psychological test confidentiality

Results of psychological assessment are confidential and interpreted only by qualified professionals. Raw scores are not shared with untrained staff, and results are used only for their stated purpose.

Blood pressure re-testing

A single elevated blood pressure reading at screening usually prompts a repeat measurement after rest rather than immediate rejection. Persistent elevation may require further medical evaluation before a fitness decision.