Military Academy Belgrade Entrance Exam key terms

A rule that assigns exactly one output value to each input value from a given set. Candidates analyze domain, range, and graphs, and evaluate expressions such as f(3) or solve f(x) = 0.

The domain is the set of all permitted input values of a function; the range is the set of all resulting output values. Finding them requires checking denominators, square roots, and logarithms.

An equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0 with a ≠ 0. It is solved by factoring, completing the square, or the formula x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a.

The expression b² − 4ac in a quadratic equation. Its sign tells how many real roots exist: positive means two, zero means one, negative means none.

Relations linking the roots of a quadratic to its coefficients: the sum of roots equals −b/a and the product equals c/a. Useful for finding root combinations without solving the equation.

An arithmetic sequence adds a constant difference between terms; a geometric sequence multiplies by a constant ratio. Candidates find general terms, sums, and unknown elements.

The exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a given number: log_b(x) = y means b^y = x. Rules include products becoming sums and powers becoming multipliers.

A function of the form f(x) = a^x where the base a is positive and not equal to one. It grows or decays rapidly and is the inverse of the logarithm.

Ratios of sides in a right triangle: sine, cosine, and tangent. They connect angles to side lengths and extend to all angles through the unit circle.

A circle of radius one centered at the origin. A point on it has coordinates (cos θ, sin θ), which defines trigonometric values for any angle and reveals their signs by quadrant.

An angle measure based on arc length: one radian subtends an arc equal to the radius. A full turn is 2π radians, so π radians equal 180 degrees.

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c². It underlies distance and trigonometric identities.

Triangles with equal corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides. The proportionality lets candidates find unknown lengths and prove geometric relationships.

An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. It also refers to proportionality of segments cut by parallel lines across two intersecting rays.

A number from 0 to 1 expressing how likely an event is, computed as favorable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes. Combined events use addition and multiplication rules.

Counting methods for arrangements and selections, including permutations (order matters) and combinations (order does not). Formulas involve factorials and binomial coefficients.

Three principles: objects keep constant velocity without net force; net force equals mass times acceleration; every action has an equal and opposite reaction. They govern classical mechanics problems.

A sketch showing one object isolated with all forces acting on it drawn as arrows. It is the standard first step for applying Newton's laws to equilibrium and motion problems.

A contact force opposing relative sliding between surfaces. Its maximum static value equals the coefficient of friction times the normal force; kinetic friction is usually smaller.

Work is force times displacement along the force direction, measured in joules. Power is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, equal to work divided by time.

Kinetic energy is ½mv², energy of motion. Gravitational potential energy near Earth is mgh, energy stored by height. Both are measured in joules.

In an isolated system total mechanical energy stays constant: kinetic plus potential energy is unchanged when only conservative forces act. Friction converts some energy to heat.

For a conductor at constant temperature, current equals voltage divided by resistance: I = U/R. It links the three central electrical quantities in simple circuits.

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred, equal to voltage times current (P = UI) and also to I²R. It is measured in watts and determines energy consumption.

In series, components share one path so current is equal and voltages add. In parallel, components share voltage and currents add; total resistance rules differ accordingly.

Waves carry energy without transporting matter. Key quantities are wavelength, frequency, and speed, related by speed equals wavelength times frequency; amplitude sets the energy carried.

Reflection bounces light from a surface at equal angles. Refraction bends light when it changes medium because speed changes, described by Snell's law and refractive index.

Serbian nouns, pronouns, and adjectives change form for seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, and locative. Case endings show the word's role in the sentence.

The standardized rules of Serbian spelling and punctuation, including when to write the sound j, how to split words at line ends, and use of capital letters and punctuation marks.

Serbian has two official scripts: the Latin alphabet (abeceda) with 30 letters and the Cyrillic alphabet (azbuka) with 30 letters. Each sound has exactly one letter in both.

Regular sound changes at morpheme boundaries, such as sibilarization, palatalization, and consonant assimilation by voicing. They explain why stems alter when endings are added.

A group of words grammatically linked around a head word, such as a noun phrase or verb phrase. Recognizing the head helps determine agreement and case government.

The three literary genres: lyric (poetry expressing feeling), epic (narrative works), and drama (works for performance). Each divides into further forms such as ode, novel, and tragedy.

Figurative language devices such as metaphor, simile, personification, and hyperbole that shape literary style. Candidates identify them and explain their effect in a passage.

Major phases include medieval literature, oral folk poetry, Serbian romanticism with Vuk Karadžić's reform, realism, and modernism. Each period has characteristic authors and themes.

Drawing a guaranteed conclusion from given premises using valid reasoning rules. If the premises are true and the form valid, the conclusion cannot be false.

A deductive argument with two premises and one conclusion, often using terms like all, some, and none. Validity depends on form, not on the actual truth of the premises.

Words such as and, or, if–then, and not that combine statements. Their precise meanings determine which conclusions follow, especially in conditional reasoning tasks.

Sequences where a hidden rule generates successive terms, such as adding increasing amounts or alternating letters. The task is to detect the pattern and predict the next element.

The ability to mentally rotate, fold, or assemble shapes and to judge how objects look from another viewpoint. It is tested with cube nets, mirror images, and figure rotation.

A screening ratio of weight in kilograms to height in meters squared. It categorizes underweight, normal, overweight, and obese ranges and is used in medical screening.

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained activity. It is assessed by running or shuttle tests and is central to academy fitness admission standards.

The capacity of muscles to repeat contractions or hold effort over time, tested by push-ups, sit-ups, or pull-ups. It differs from maximum strength, which is a single effort.

The range of motion available at a joint, assessed by sit-and-reach or shoulder tests. Adequate flexibility supports injury prevention and efficient movement.

A standardized assessment of reasoning, attention, and problem-solving speed used to predict trainability. Results are interpreted against norms rather than pass or fail thresholds.

A structured questionnaire measuring stable traits and behavioral tendencies. Responses are checked for consistency, and results inform suitability for disciplined military environments.

A test presenting realistic scenarios with several possible responses, asking candidates to choose the most appropriate action. It assesses judgment, ethics, and teamwork under pressure.

A clinical check of vision, hearing, blood pressure, and general health against academy standards. Certain conditions are disqualifying, so candidates should know the stated requirements.