SRS key terms

The combination of the likelihood that a hazardous event will occur and the severity of harm it could cause to people, property, or the environment.

A source, condition, or activity with the potential to cause harm, damage, or an undesirable outcome; it exists before anyone is exposed.

Contact between a person or sensitive receptor and a hazard, described by route, duration, frequency, and concentration or intensity.

A systematic process that identifies hazards, evaluates the likelihood and severity of harm, and determines which controls are needed.

A grid that plots likelihood against severity so risks can be ranked and compared using consistent categories and decision rules.

The risk that remains after existing or planned controls have been applied and their effectiveness has been considered.

A decision principle requiring risk to be reduced as low as reasonably practicable, balancing further control against cost, effort, and benefit.

A preferred order for selecting risk controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, ranked from most to least reliable.

A physical change to equipment, processes, or facilities that reduces hazard at the source, such as guards, ventilation, interlocks, or containment.

A procedural or organizational measure that reduces risk by changing how work is done, such as training, rotation, signage, permits, or scheduling.

Equipment worn or used by an individual to reduce exposure to hazards, such as gloves, respirators, eye protection, and hearing protection.

A body of rules adopted by a jurisdiction or organization that specifies minimum requirements for design, construction, operation, or performance.

A consensus or recognized document that defines accepted practices, test methods, dimensions, or performance criteria for a product or activity.

A legally enforceable requirement issued by a government agency, carrying penalties for noncompliance and often referencing adopted codes or standards.

The organization or official responsible for approving equipment, installations, and procedures and for enforcing the applicable code in a jurisdiction.

A planned, independent review that compares actual practices, records, and conditions against regulatory, code, or internal requirements.

A written authorization that defines the scope, conditions, and controls required before a specified high-risk task may begin.

A detailed written description of required materials, workmanship, dimensions, and performance criteria that a contractor must meet.

The documented set of assumptions, criteria, loads, and operating conditions used to justify the selection and sizing of a system.

A structured process of verifying and documenting that installed systems and components meet design intent and operate safely before handover.

A written, step-by-step instruction describing how to perform a routine task safely and consistently, including required controls and acceptance criteria.

A formal process for reviewing, approving, implementing, and documenting changes to facilities, processes, or procedures before they are made.

A management system for facilities handling highly hazardous chemicals, covering process hazards, procedures, training, maintenance, and incident investigation.

A structured team study that examines process deviations from design intent, identifies causes and consequences, and recommends safeguards.

A semi-quantitative method that evaluates whether independent protection layers sufficiently reduce the risk of a specific hazardous scenario.

A procedure that isolates hazardous energy sources and applies locks and tags so equipment cannot be energized or started during service.

A confined space with hazards such as toxic atmosphere, engulfment, or configuration that require a permit and controlled entry procedures.

The use of calibrated instruments to measure oxygen, flammable gas, and toxic substances in a space before and during entry.

A planned examination of equipment, systems, or work practices to detect defects, deterioration, or noncompliance with requirements.

The operation of a system or component under defined conditions to confirm that it performs its intended function and meets acceptance criteria.

Scheduled, planned servicing and replacement of components intended to prevent failure, extend service life, and maintain reliable performance.

The comparison of an instrument's readings against a known reference standard, followed by adjustment and documentation of the results.

A documented failure of a product, process, or activity to meet a specified requirement, code, standard, or procedure.

An action taken to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformance or incident so that it does not recur.

A structured method used to identify the underlying causes of an incident or nonconformance rather than only the immediate symptom.

An unplanned event or condition that caused or could have caused injury, damage, environmental harm, or loss of process control.

An unplanned event that did not cause harm or damage but had a realistic potential to do so under slightly different circumstances.

The practice of keeping documents and data for defined periods to demonstrate compliance and support investigations, audits, and legal needs.

A standard document providing hazard information, safe handling, exposure controls, and emergency measures for a chemical product.

An element of an organization's activities, products, or services that can interact with the environment and cause an impact.