TExES 242 flashcards
TExES 242 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Binary number system
- A base-2 number system using only 0 and 1; each position represents a power of 2, and digital devices use it to encode data and instructions.
- Byte
- A unit of digital information made of 8 bits; it commonly represents one character, a small integer, or part of a larger file or memory address.
- Lossy compression
- A data reduction method that permanently discards some information to shrink file size; it is common for photos and audio where small quality losses are acceptable.
- Vector graphic
- An image described by mathematical paths, lines, and shapes rather than pixels; it scales without pixelation and suits logos, icons, and diagrams.
- DNS
- Domain Name System; it translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses so browsers and other clients can locate servers on a network.
- Absolute cell reference
- A spreadsheet reference such as $A$1 that keeps both the column and the row fixed when a formula is copied to another cell.
- Primary key
- A field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table and cannot contain duplicate or null values.
- Computational thinking
- A problem-solving approach that uses decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design to formulate solutions that computers can execute.
- FERPA
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act; a U.S. federal law protecting education records, giving parents and eligible students access and limiting disclosure without consent.
- COPPA
- Children's Online Privacy Protection Act; it requires verifiable parental consent before online services collect, use, or disclose personal information from children under 13.
- CIPA
- Children's Internet Protection Act; it conditions E-rate funding on schools having internet safety policies and technology that filters or blocks harmful online content.
- Fair use
- A copyright doctrine allowing limited use of protected works for purposes such as teaching, news, or criticism, judged by four factors including purpose, nature, amount, and market effect.
- Creative Commons
- A set of standardized copyright licenses that let creators grant permission for others to share, remix, or reuse a work under specified conditions.
- PII
- Personally identifiable information; data that can identify or trace an individual, alone or combined with other information, such as name, address, or student ID.
- Multi-factor authentication
- A security process requiring two or more independent credentials, such as a password plus a one-time code, before granting access to an account.
- Digital footprint
- The trail of data a person leaves online through posts, searches, purchases, and interactions; it can persist and affect reputation and privacy.
- TPACK
- Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge; a framework describing the integrated knowledge teachers need to use technology effectively for specific content and pedagogy.
- SAMR model
- A four-level framework-Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition-for evaluating how technology changes a learning task, from replacing tools to creating new possibilities.
- UDL
- Universal Design for Learning; an instructional framework providing multiple means of engagement, representation, and action and expression to support all learners.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing checks for understanding during instruction, such as exit tickets, polls, or quizzes, used to adjust teaching and provide feedback rather than assign a final grade.
- Summative assessment
- An evaluation at the end of a unit or course that measures achievement against standards, such as a final exam, project, or performance task.
- Blended learning
- An instructional model combining face-to-face classroom time with online learning, giving students some control over time, place, path, or pace.
- Flipped classroom
- A model in which students study new content online before class, then use class time for active practice, collaboration, and teacher-guided application.
- Adaptive learning
- Technology that adjusts content, pacing, or difficulty in response to learner performance, providing personalized practice and feedback.
- Needs assessment
- A systematic process of gathering data to identify gaps between current and desired performance, guiding technology planning, resource allocation, and professional development priorities.
- SMART goals
- Goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound; this format makes technology plans clearer and easier to monitor.
- Total cost of ownership
- The full cost of a technology over its life cycle, including purchase, installation, licensing, training, maintenance, support, and replacement.
- E-rate
- A federal program that provides discounts to schools and libraries for eligible telecommunications, internet access, and internal connections, tied to compliance requirements.
- Professional learning community
- A collaborative team of educators who meet regularly to examine data, share practice, and improve instruction and student learning.
- Job-embedded professional development
- Professional learning that occurs during educators' daily work and is connected to real classroom problems, often through coaching, co-planning, or lesson study.
- Diffusion of innovations
- A theory describing how new ideas and technologies spread through a population over time, with adopters categorized as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards.
- Incident response plan
- A documented set of procedures for detecting, containing, eradicating, and recovering from a security incident, plus notifying affected parties and reviewing lessons learned.