TExES 242 key terms

A problem-solving approach that involves breaking problems into parts, spotting patterns, ignoring irrelevant detail, and designing step-by-step procedures that a computer or a person can carry out.

An ordered set of unambiguous steps for solving a problem or completing a task, written so that each step can be executed and the result can be checked.

The practice of splitting a complex problem or system into smaller, more manageable pieces so that each part can be examined, solved, or reused separately.

Removing or hiding details that do not matter for the current task so that a model, diagram, or program focuses on the essential features.

The process of locating, understanding, and correcting errors in a program or system by reproducing the problem, testing hypotheses, and verifying that the fix works.

A system of reasoning in which statements are evaluated as true or false and combined with operators such as AND, OR, and NOT to control decisions.

A collection of data organized into tables of rows and columns that are linked by shared keys, allowing records to be queried and combined without unnecessary duplication.

Descriptive information attached to a file or data set, such as author, date created, format, or keywords, that helps people and systems find, sort, and manage it.

The maximum rate at which data can travel across a network connection, usually measured in bits per second; higher bandwidth allows more simultaneous traffic.

Delivering computing services such as storage, software, and processing power over the internet from remote servers, so users do not have to maintain the hardware locally.

The trail of data a person leaves online through posts, searches, purchases, and site visits, which can persist and be viewed by others now or later.

A legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as teaching, news reporting, criticism, or research, judged by four factors.

A set of public copyright licenses that let creators grant others permission to share, remix, or reuse their work under stated conditions, such as giving credit.

The status of works that are no longer protected by copyright or never were, so anyone may copy, adapt, and distribute them without permission or payment.

A federal law that protects the privacy of student education records and gives parents or eligible students the right to inspect and request correction of those records.

A federal law that requires websites and online services to obtain verifiable parental consent before collecting personal information from children under thirteen years old.

A federal law that requires schools and libraries receiving certain federal funding to adopt internet safety policies and filter or block harmful online content for minors.

A written agreement that defines how students and staff may use school technology and networks, including prohibited behaviors, consequences, and privacy expectations.

A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as passwords or account numbers by pretending to be a trustworthy person or organization in messages or websites.

The gap between people who have reliable access to computers, high-speed internet, and digital skills and those who do not, often linked to income or location.

A framework describing the knowledge teachers need at the intersection of technology, pedagogy, and content, emphasizing how these areas combine rather than stand alone.

A model that categorizes technology use into four levels-substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition-showing how tools can move from replacing tasks to transforming learning.

An instructional model that combines face-to-face classroom teaching with online learning activities, giving students some control over time, place, path, or pace.

A teaching model in which students study new content at home through videos or readings and use class time for discussion, practice, and problem solving with the teacher.

Ongoing checks of student understanding during instruction, such as quizzes, exit tickets, or observations, used to adjust teaching and give feedback rather than assign a final grade.

Software that organizes and delivers course content, assignments, discussions, and grades online, giving teachers and students a shared space for digital coursework.

Technology that adjusts the difficulty, sequence, or type of content based on a student's responses, aiming to meet individual needs as the learner progresses.

A planning framework that builds multiple ways to engage students and represent and assess content so that lessons work for learners with varied needs and abilities from the start.

Devices, software, or equipment that help people with disabilities perform tasks they might otherwise find difficult, such as text-to-speech, screen readers, or alternative keyboards.

A written long-range document that sets goals, strategies, budgets, and timelines for using technology to improve teaching, learning, and school operations.

A systematic process of gathering data to identify gaps between current conditions and desired outcomes, used to set priorities before choosing technology or training.

A team of educators who meet regularly to examine student data, share practices, and learn together, with the goal of improving instruction and results.

A federal program that provides discounts on internet access and telecommunications services to eligible schools and libraries, based on poverty level and location.

The full expense of a technology purchase over its life, including hardware, software, training, support, maintenance, and replacement, not just the initial price.

The structured process of preparing people for new technology or practices by communicating vision, addressing concerns, providing support, and monitoring adoption.

A policy that allows students or staff to use their own laptops, tablets, or phones for schoolwork, often paired with network rules and minimum device requirements.

The ability of different systems, devices, or software to exchange data and work together using shared standards, so information moves without manual conversion.

Any person or group with an interest in a technology decision or program, such as students, parents, teachers, administrators, or community members.