Armenia Civil Service Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Armenian alphabet

Script of 38 letters created by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD, comprising 31 consonants and 7 vowels, used for the Armenian language.

Definite article -ը/-ն

Armenian suffix marking definiteness: -ը is added after a final consonant and -ն after a final vowel, as in տունը and գինին.

Rule-of-law state

Constitutional principle under which state power is bound by law, rights are guaranteed, and all bodies are subject to the Constitution.

Separation of powers

Constitutional arrangement dividing state authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches with mutual checks and balances.

Civil service incompatibility

Rule barring civil servants from holding other paid positions, owning certain businesses, or occupying partisan political office while in service.

Asset declaration

Mandatory disclosure of income, property, and related interests filed by designated public officials and subject to verification under anti-corruption law.

Administrative act

Unilateral decision of an administrative body that creates, modifies, or terminates rights or obligations of specific persons under public law.

Proportionality principle

Requirement that administrative measures be suitable, necessary, and not exceed what is needed to achieve a legitimate public aim.

Legal capacity

Recognized ability to have civil rights and duties, arising at birth and ending at death for natural persons.

Limitation period

Statutory time within which a claim must be brought; generally three years in civil matters unless a special rule applies.

Presumption of innocence

Criminal-procedure principle that a person is presumed innocent until guilt is proven, with doubt interpreted in the accused's favor.

Necessary defense

Defense against an unlawful attack that excludes wrongfulness of the response when its means and intensity are proportionate to the danger.

Probation period

Initial trial period of employment during which either party may terminate more easily, limited by the Labor Code to three months.

Annual paid leave

Statutorily guaranteed period of rest with retained pay, set at a minimum of twenty working days per year.

State budget

Annual law adopted by the National Assembly authorizing state revenues and expenditures for the calendar fiscal year.

Treasury single account

System through which state budget funds are held and executed in one consolidated account, ensuring cash discipline and preventing off-budget spending.

Modus tollens

Valid inference form: if P implies Q, and Q is false, then P must also be false.

Contrapositive

Logically equivalent form of P implies Q, namely not-Q implies not-P, which preserves truth value.

Byte

Unit of digital information equal to eight bits; 1024 bytes make one kilobyte in binary-based storage measurement.

Multi-factor authentication

Access control requiring two or more independent verification factors, such as a password plus a one-time code from a device.

Qualified electronic signature

Signature created with a private key and verified by a certificate that has the legal effect of a handwritten signature.

Conflict of interest

Situation where an official's private interest could improperly influence duties, requiring disclosure and withdrawal from the decision.

Void transaction

Transaction that produces no legal effect from the outset, for example one concluded contrary to mandatory statutory requirements.

Vindicatio action

Owner's claim to recover possession of property from a person holding it without legal basis.

Exclusion of evidence

Procedural rule barring use of evidence obtained unlawfully or in violation of admissibility requirements.

Plea agreement

Agreement between prosecution and accused on the charge and sentence, subject to judicial approval under statutory conditions.

Minimum wage

Statutory floor for remuneration of normal working time, binding on all employers and set by law.

Severance pay

Compensation paid on specified termination grounds, calculated according to the employee's length of service.

Proportional tax

Tax applying a single rate to the tax base regardless of its size, as distinct from progressive and regressive structures.

Tax agent

Person obliged to calculate, withhold, and remit tax on payments made to taxpayers, such as an employer withholding income tax.

De Morgan's laws

Logical equivalences stating that not-(A and B) equals not-A or not-B, and not-(A or B) equals not-A and not-B.

Weighted average

Mean computed by multiplying each value by its weight, summing the products, and dividing by the total of the weights.