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Armenia Civil Service Exam study materials
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Armenia Civil Service Exam practice questions

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Question 1Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer is the author of the epic novel "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh"?

  1. Hovhannes Tumanyan
  2. Nairi Zaryan
  3. Yeghishe Charents
  4. Franz Werfel Correct answer.

Explanation

Franz Werfel, an Austrian writer, wrote "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh" (1933), a novel about the Armenian resistance at Musa Dagh. The other listed authors are Armenian writers of different works.

Question 2Armenian Language and Literature

Who is the author of the Armenian national epic "Sasna Tsrer" ("David of Sassoun")?

  1. It is a folk epic with no single author Correct answer.
  2. Movses Khorenatsi
  3. Hovhannes Tumanyan
  4. Khachatur Abovyan

Explanation

"Sasna Tsrer" is an oral folk epic transmitted by generations of anonymous storytellers and first written down in the nineteenth century. It has no single identified author.

Question 3Armenian Language and Literature

The Armenian alphabet was created in 405 AD by which figure?

  1. Yeznik Koghbatsi
  2. Gregory the Illuminator
  3. Sahak Partev
  4. Mesrop Mashtots Correct answer.

Explanation

Mesrop Mashtots created the Armenian alphabet in 405 AD, enabling the translation of scripture and the growth of Armenian literature. The other figures are associated with the Christianization and early church history of Armenia.

Question 4Armenian Language and Literature

How many letters are there in the modern Armenian alphabet?

  1. 36
  2. 38
  3. 32
  4. 39 Correct answer.

Explanation

The modern Armenian alphabet has 39 letters: the original 36 created by Mashtots plus three added later (և, օ, ֆ). The other counts do not match the standard alphabet.

Question 5Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer is regarded as the founder of the modern Armenian literary language and author of "Wounds of Armenia"?

  1. Raffi
  2. Hakob Paronyan
  3. Grigor Narekatsi
  4. Khachatur Abovyan Correct answer.

Explanation

Khachatur Abovyan wrote "Wounds of Armenia" (1841), often considered the first Armenian novel, and championed the vernacular as a literary language. The others belong to different periods or genres.

Question 6Armenian Language and Literature

"Narek" ("Book of Lamentations") is the masterpiece of which author?

  1. Sayat-Nova
  2. Nerses Shnorhali
  3. Grigor Narekatsi Correct answer.
  4. Frik

Explanation

Grigor Narekatsi, a tenth-century monk, composed the mystical "Book of Lamentations", known as "Narek". It is a cornerstone of medieval Armenian literature.

Question 7Armenian Language and Literature

Which of these poets is famous for the poem "I Love My Sweet Armenia"?

  1. Paruyr Sevak
  2. Yeghishe Charents Correct answer.
  3. Vahan Teryan
  4. Hovhannes Shiraz

Explanation

"I Love My Sweet Armenia" is a well-known poem by Yeghishe Charents, expressing deep patriotic feeling. The other poets are distinct figures with their own signature works.

Question 8Armenian Language and Literature

The Armenian word "գիրք" (girk) means which of the following?

  1. Letter
  2. Book Correct answer.
  3. Word
  4. Song

Explanation

"Գիրք" (girk) is the Armenian word for "book". Related forms include "գրել" (to write) and "գրիչ" (pen), from the root meaning writing.

Question 9Armenian Language and Literature

In Armenian grammar, which case typically marks the subject of a sentence?

  1. Genitive
  2. Nominative Correct answer.
  3. Dative
  4. Ablative

Explanation

The nominative case marks the grammatical subject of a sentence. The other cases serve different functions such as possession, indirect object, or separation.

Question 10Armenian Language and Literature

Which of the following sentences uses the Armenian verb correctly in the present tense: "Ես գիրք ___" (I am reading a book)?

  1. կարդում ես
  2. կարդում է
  3. կարդում եմ Correct answer.
  4. կարդում ենք

Explanation

The present continuous is formed with the participle in -ում plus the auxiliary. For the first-person singular "ես", the auxiliary is "եմ", giving "կարդում եմ".

Question 11Armenian Language and Literature

What is the correct plural form of the Armenian noun "տուն" (house)?

  1. տուններ Correct answer.
  2. տունք
  3. տներ
  4. տուներ

Explanation

Many Armenian nouns form the plural with the suffix -ներ, so "տուն" becomes "տուններ". This is the standard regular plural for this noun.

Question 12Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer authored the historical novel "Samvel"?

  1. Muratsan
  2. Raffi Correct answer.
  3. Alexander Shirvanzade
  4. Derenik Demirchyan

Explanation

Raffi wrote "Samvel", a historical novel set in the struggle for Armenian freedom. Raffi is known for historical and patriotic fiction.

Question 13Armenian Language and Literature

The poem "Anush", later adapted into an opera, was written by which author?

  1. Avetik Isahakyan
  2. Hovhannes Tumanyan Correct answer.
  3. Vahan Teryan
  4. Hovhannes Shiraz

Explanation

Hovhannes Tumanyan wrote the narrative poem "Anush", which Armen Tigranyan adapted into an opera. Tumanyan drew on rural life and folklore.

Question 14Armenian Language and Literature

Which work is considered the first Armenian novel, written in the vernacular?

  1. "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh"
  2. "Gevorg Marzpetuni"
  3. "Wounds of Armenia" Correct answer.
  4. "Chaos"

Explanation

"Wounds of Armenia" by Khachatur Abovyan is widely regarded as the first Armenian novel and helped establish the modern vernacular as a literary language.

Question 15Armenian Language and Literature

In Armenian, what does the prefix "ան-" (an-) typically express when added to a word?

  1. Plurality
  2. Negation or absence Correct answer.
  3. Past tense
  4. Diminutiveness

Explanation

The prefix "ան-" commonly conveys negation or absence, as in "անհնար" (impossible). It functions similarly to English "un-" or "-less".

Question 16Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian poet is associated with the symbolist movement and wrote "Country of Nairi"?

  1. Sayat-Nova
  2. Vahan Teryan Correct answer.
  3. Nahapet Kuchak
  4. Frik

Explanation

Vahan Teryan was a leading Armenian symbolist, and "Country of Nairi" is among his notable works. The other poets belong to earlier periods.

Question 17Armenian Language and Literature

Which of the following correctly identifies the Armenian word for "library"?

  1. գրախանութ
  2. գրիչ
  3. գրասեղան
  4. գրադարան Correct answer.

Explanation

"Գրադարան" (gradaran) means library, built from the root "գիր" (writing) plus a place suffix. The other words denote different objects.

Question 18Armenian Language and Literature

In Armenian syntax, what is the typical position of the verb in a neutral declarative sentence?

  1. After the direct object only
  2. At the end of the sentence Correct answer.
  3. Immediately after the subject
  4. At the beginning of the sentence

Explanation

Armenian generally follows subject-object-verb order in neutral declarative sentences, placing the verb at the end. Word order can shift for emphasis, but the unmarked pattern is verb-final.

Question 19Armenian Language and Literature

Which medieval Armenian poet is known for his satirical and moralizing verse, including criticism of social injustice?

  1. Grigor Narekatsi
  2. Hovhannes Imastaser
  3. Nerses Shnorhali
  4. Frik Correct answer.

Explanation

Frik, a thirteenth-century poet, is known for satirical and moral verse that criticized injustice and the clergy. The others are known for theological, mystical, or scholarly works.

Question 20Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer wrote the novel "Vardanank", dealing with the Battle of Avarayr?

  1. Hakob Paronyan
  2. Alexander Shirvanzade
  3. Raffi
  4. Derenik Demirchyan Correct answer.

Explanation

Derenik Demirchyan wrote "Vardanank", a historical novel about the fifth-century struggle led by Vardan Mamikonyan. It is a major work of Armenian historical fiction.

Question 21Armenian Language and Literature

The Armenian letter "և" represents which sound?

  1. A silent letter
  2. The conjunction "and" (yev) as a ligature Correct answer.
  3. A single vowel "a"
  4. A consonant "k"

Explanation

The ligature "և" (yev) represents the conjunction "and" and combines the sounds of "ե" and "վ". It was added to the alphabet later as one of the extra letters.

Question 22Armenian Language and Literature

In Classical Armenian (grabar), the definite article is typically expressed by which suffix?

  1. -դ (-d)
  2. -ք (-k')
  3. -ս (-s)
  4. -ն (-n) Correct answer.

Explanation

In grabar the definite article is generally the enclitic -ն (-n), attached to the end of a noun. The other endings serve different grammatical roles.

Question 23Armenian Language and Literature

Which statement best describes the significance of the "Golden Age" of Armenian literature?

  1. A twelfth-century period of epic poetry
  2. A nineteenth-century romantic revival
  3. A twentieth-century modernist movement
  4. A fifth-century flowering of translation and original writing after the alphabet's creation Correct answer.

Explanation

The Golden Age refers to the fifth century, when the new alphabet enabled major translations of scripture and patristic works and original compositions by figures such as Yeghishe and Koryun. It established the foundations of Armenian literary culture.

Question 24Armenian Language and Literature

Which feature distinguishes the Armenian verb system's use of "կը" (kə) in some dialects and forms?

  1. It marks the past perfect
  2. It forms the imperative
  3. It marks the present or future indicative Correct answer.
  4. It marks the plural

Explanation

The particle "կը" is used to mark present or future indicative meaning in certain Armenian varieties, functioning as a tense/aspect marker. It does not encode past perfect, imperative, or plurality.

Question 25Armenian Language and Literature

The Armenian epic hero David of Sassoun is associated with which cycle of stories?

  1. The Anush romance
  2. The Narek lamentations
  3. The Sasna Tsrer epic cycle Correct answer.
  4. The Vardanank chronicles

Explanation

David of Sassoun is the central hero of the Sasna Tsrer epic cycle, which recounts the exploits of several generations of heroes from Sassoun. The other titles belong to different genres and works.

Question 26Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer is the author of the novel "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh"?

  1. Yeghishe Charents
  2. Raffi
  3. Franz Werfel Correct answer.
  4. Hovhannes Tumanyan

Explanation

Franz Werfel, an Austrian writer, authored the novel "The Forty Days of Musa Dagh" (1933), which depicts the Armenian resistance at Musa Dagh during the Armenian Genocide. The other writers listed are Armenian but did not write this work.

Question 27Armenian Language and Literature

In Armenian grammar, which case is used to indicate possession or belonging?

  1. Genitive Correct answer.
  2. Instrumental
  3. Ablative
  4. Dative

Explanation

The genitive case in Armenian typically shows possession, answering "whose?" or "of what?". It is distinct from the dative, which marks the indirect object, and from the ablative and instrumental, which indicate source and means, respectively.

Question 28Armenian Language and Literature

Which of the following is the correct Armenian translation of the sentence "The book is on the table"?

  1. Գիրքը սեղանին է։
  2. Գիրքը սեղանով է։
  3. Գիրքը սեղանից է։
  4. Գիրքը սեղանի վրա է։ Correct answer.

Explanation

In Armenian, the postposition "վրա" (on) governs the genitive case, so "սեղանի վրա" means "on the table." The other options use different cases that change the meaning.

Question 29Armenian Language and Literature

Which Armenian writer is best known for the novel "The Fool" (Հիմարը), a psychological work about a man who feigns madness?

  1. Nar-Dos
  2. Levon Shant Correct answer.
  3. Raffi
  4. Grigor Zohrab

Explanation

Levon Shant wrote "The Fool" (Հիմարը), a psychological novel exploring themes of sanity and societal hypocrisy. The other authors are notable but did not write this work.

Question 30Armenian Language and Literature

In Classical Armenian (Grabar), which suffix is commonly used to form the comparative degree of adjectives?

  1. -ական (-akan)
  2. -ութիւն (-ut'iwn)
  3. -ագոյն (-agoyn) Correct answer.
  4. -աւոր (-awor)

Explanation

In Grabar, the suffix -ագոյն (-agoyn) is attached to adjectives to form the comparative, e.g., լաւ (law, good) → լաւագոյն (lawagoyn, better). The other suffixes serve different functions: -ական forms adjectives, -ութիւն forms abstract nouns, and -աւոր forms adjectives indicating possession.

Question 31Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Under the Armenian Constitution, from which source does state power derive?

  1. From the Constitutional Court
  2. From the people Correct answer.
  3. From the President
  4. From the National Assembly

Explanation

The Constitution declares that state power in Armenia is exercised by the people through free elections and referenda, as well as through state bodies and local self-government bodies established by the Constitution. The people are therefore the source of all state power.

Question 32Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

According to the Armenian Constitution, which body exercises legislative power?

  1. The Constitutional Court
  2. The Government
  3. The Supreme Judicial Council
  4. The National Assembly Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution vests legislative power in the National Assembly, which is the representative body of the people. The other institutions named exercise executive, judicial-review, or judicial-administration functions respectively.

Question 33Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

What is the official status of the Constitution of Armenia within the legal system?

  1. It yields to international treaties
  2. It ranks equally with ratified treaties
  3. It ranks equally with constitutional laws
  4. It has the supreme legal force Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution is declared to have supreme legal force, and laws and other legal acts must conform to it. This supremacy is the foundation of constitutional review in Armenia.

Question 34Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

The Armenian Constitution establishes the state as which of the following?

  1. A unitary, sovereign, democratic, social and legal state Correct answer.
  2. A confederation of autonomous regions
  3. A federal, secular and monarchical state
  4. A neutral state with no armed forces

Explanation

The constitutional characterization of Armenia is that of a sovereign, democratic, social and legal state organized as a unitary republic. Sovereignty belongs to the people, and the state is organized on a unitary rather than federal basis.

Question 35Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

What is the term of office of the National Assembly of Armenia?

  1. Six years
  2. Seven years
  3. Five years Correct answer.
  4. Four years

Explanation

Members of the National Assembly are elected for a five-year term. The Constitution fixes this term and governs the conditions under which the Assembly may be dissolved early.

Question 36Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Who elects the President of Armenia under the current Constitution?

  1. The citizens by direct popular vote
  2. The National Assembly Correct answer.
  3. The Supreme Judicial Council
  4. The Constitutional Court

Explanation

Under the parliamentary model adopted by constitutional amendments, the President is elected by the National Assembly rather than by direct popular vote. The President's role is largely ceremonial and representative.

Question 37Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Which body has the authority to interpret the Constitution in Armenia?

  1. The Government
  2. The Court of Cassation
  3. The Constitutional Court Correct answer.
  4. The National Assembly

Explanation

The Constitutional Court is the body empowered to interpret the Constitution and to review the constitutionality of laws and other acts. Ordinary courts apply the law but do not issue authoritative constitutional interpretations.

Question 38Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Which principle requires that no branch of government may exercise the powers assigned to another branch?

  1. The principle of separation of powers Correct answer.
  2. The principle of subsidiarity
  3. The principle of legality
  4. The principle of proportionality

Explanation

The separation of powers allocates legislative, executive and judicial functions to distinct bodies so that power is not concentrated. This structure underpins the constitutional system of checks and balances.

Question 39Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

A law restricts a constitutional right. Which requirement must the restriction satisfy to be permissible?

  1. It must be adopted by the Government alone
  2. It must pursue a legitimate aim and be proportionate Correct answer.
  3. It must be temporary in all cases
  4. It must be approved by a majority of the Constitutional Court

Explanation

Rights may be restricted only by law, for a legitimate aim, and to the extent necessary in a democratic society, which is the proportionality test. Restrictions must also preserve the essence of the right.

Question 40Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

A citizen claims a statute violates a constitutional right and wishes to challenge it. Which body reviews the constitutionality of the statute?

  1. The Supreme Judicial Council
  2. The Administrative Court
  3. The Court of Cassation
  4. The Constitutional Court Correct answer.

Explanation

Constitutional review of statutes falls to the Constitutional Court, which may declare an act unconstitutional with the consequence that it loses force. Ordinary courts decide cases within their jurisdiction but do not annul statutes on constitutional grounds.

Question 41Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

How may the Constitution of Armenia be amended?

  1. By a referendum upon a proposal of the National Assembly Correct answer.
  2. By a decree of the President
  3. By a decision of the Government
  4. By a ruling of the Constitutional Court

Explanation

Constitutional amendments are adopted by referendum following a proposal by the National Assembly, meeting the special thresholds the Constitution sets. The ordinary legislative procedure is not sufficient to amend the Constitution.

Question 42Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

What is the primary function of the Constitutional Court in relation to ratified international treaties?

  1. It ratifies treaties on behalf of the National Assembly
  2. It negotiates treaties on behalf of the state
  3. It reviews the constitutionality of treaties before ratification Correct answer.
  4. It terminates treaties at its discretion

Explanation

The Constitutional Court may assess whether an international treaty is consistent with the Constitution before ratification. Treaties found unconstitutional cannot be ratified unless the Constitution is amended.

Question 43Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Which statement best describes the relationship between the Constitution and ordinary laws in Armenia?

  1. Laws may override the Constitution by a two-thirds vote
  2. Laws prevail where they are later in time
  3. Laws must conform to the Constitution Correct answer.
  4. Laws and the Constitution have equal rank

Explanation

The Constitution's supreme legal force means every law must conform to it, and an unconstitutional law cannot remain in force. The later-in-time rule governs conflicts among laws, not conflicts with the Constitution.

Question 44Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

What is the role of the President of Armenia under the parliamentary system?

  1. To head the executive branch and direct the Government
  2. To preside over the Constitutional Court
  3. To serve as head of state with largely representative functions Correct answer.
  4. To command the National Assembly's agenda

Explanation

In Armenia's parliamentary model the President is the head of state and performs representative and ceremonial functions, while the Government headed by the Prime Minister conducts executive policy. The President does not direct the executive branch.

Question 45Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Who appoints the Prime Minister of Armenia?

  1. The direct vote of citizens
  2. The Supreme Judicial Council
  3. The President, upon the nomination of the parliamentary majority Correct answer.
  4. The Constitutional Court

Explanation

Following parliamentary elections, the President appoints as Prime Minister the candidate nominated by the parliamentary majority. This reflects the parliamentary character of the executive.

Question 46Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Which body may express a vote of no confidence in the Government?

  1. The Supreme Judicial Council
  2. The President
  3. The Constitutional Court
  4. The National Assembly Correct answer.

Explanation

Parliamentary responsibility of the Government is exercised through the National Assembly, which can adopt a vote of no confidence. This is a core mechanism of the parliamentary system.

Question 47Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

An official act is challenged as exceeding the authority granted by law. Which constitutional principle is most directly engaged?

  1. The principle of free mandate
  2. The principle of secularism
  3. The principle of legality Correct answer.
  4. The principle of territorial integrity

Explanation

The principle of legality requires that state bodies act within the powers conferred by law and that their acts conform to the legal order. An act exceeding statutory authority violates this principle.

Question 48Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

Which of the following is guaranteed by the constitutional principle of a social state?

  1. Protection of the minimum subsistence and social security Correct answer.
  2. Abolition of private property
  3. Mandatory membership in trade unions
  4. State ownership of all enterprises

Explanation

The social-state principle commits the state to social protection, including a minimum subsistence level and social security, while respecting a market economy. It does not entail state ownership of the economy.

Question 49Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

What is the status of generally recognized norms of international law within the Armenian legal system?

  1. They have no domestic effect
  2. They form an integral part of the legal system Correct answer.
  3. They apply only in the absence of a treaty
  4. They apply only after transformation by statute

Explanation

The Constitution provides that generally recognized norms of international law and ratified treaties are an integral part of the legal system. They can therefore be applied domestically alongside national law.

Question 50Constitutional Law and Fundamentals of the Constitutional System

The National Assembly adopts a law that conflicts with a ratified international treaty. How is the conflict resolved in the domestic legal order?

  1. The Constitution and the rules on the legal force of acts determine the outcome Correct answer.
  2. The law always prevails because it is later
  3. The Constitutional Court chooses whichever it prefers
  4. The treaty always prevails over any law

Explanation

Resolving such a conflict depends on the constitutional rules on hierarchy of norms and on the status of ratified treaties within the legal system. The Constitutional Court reviews constitutionality rather than choosing outcomes by preference.