Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control
Structured hazard identification
A boom operator must be able to identify hazards before and during the task. Common hazard categories include: ground and stability hazards (soft fill, excavations, underground services, slopes), electrical hazards (overhead lines, exclusion zones), structural and mechanical hazards (boom collapse, pipe blockage, hose whip, outrigger failure), people hazards (workers under the boom, pedestrians, poor communication), and environmental hazards (wind, heat, rain, poor visibility).
Risk assessment method
Use a recognised process: identify the hazard, assess likelihood and consequence, apply the hierarchy of control, record, monitor and review. The hierarchy is elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then PPE last. For booms, engineering controls include interlock systems, outrigger load-spread mats, and limiting devices; administrative controls include exclusion zones, SWMS, and spotters. PPE (helmet, hi-vis, gloves, hearing and eye protection) is the last line, not the primary control.
Traps in exam questions
A frequent trap is treating PPE as an adequate control for a major hazard. Another is confusing a hazard with a risk: "overhead powerline" is a hazard; "electrocution" is the risk. Questions also test whether controls are reviewed - controls must be monitored and revised when conditions change, such as when wind increases or ground softens.
Worked example
A boom is to be set up near a trench. Hazard: unstable ground. Risk: outrigger punch-through causing tip-over. Controls in order: relocate the boom (elimination), use engineered load-spreading pads (engineering), barricade and spotter (administrative), operator PPE (last). Document and review before each pour.