Pre-Operational Inspection, Setup and Stabilisation
Pre-start inspection
Before each use, conduct a documented pre-start check. Inspect the boom structure for cracks, deformation, and loose or missing pins; check hydraulic hoses and rams for leaks and damage; verify the pipeline, clamps and safety pins; test the emergency stop, limiting devices, and outrigger interlocks; check the end hose and safety chains; and confirm the pump and hopper are serviceable. Record defects and tag out any unsafe equipment.
Setup and stabilisation
Setup is where most serious incidents begin. Confirm the ground bearing capacity supports the outrigger loads - use the manufacturer's outrigger load data and load-spreading mats. Locate underground services and excavations; keep outriggers clear of trenches, backfill, and service pits. Fully extend outriggers as specified, level the machine, and verify the bubble level. Establish exclusion zones and confirm the boom's slew path is clear. Set up so the boom does not operate near overhead powerlines without the required exclusion zone controls.
Traps in exam questions
Questions often test whether partial outrigger extension is acceptable - it is only acceptable if the manufacturer's load chart explicitly permits it; otherwise full extension is required. Another trap is assuming the machine's level indicates stable ground; level does not equal stable. Also watch for setup on recently backfilled trenches, which can collapse under outrigger load.
Worked rule of thumb
Before every setup, ask: "What is under each outrigger pad?" If you cannot answer confidently, relocate or engineer the support.