ESNAMIL Examen Intelectual cheat sheet

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• No official content outline or domain weighting is available for this exam; the single listed domain is unverified.

• Deductive validity depends on argument form: a valid argument cannot have true premises and a false conclusion.

• Modus ponens infers Q from P implies Q and P; modus tollens infers not P from P implies Q and not Q.

• Affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent are formal fallacies; neither preserves truth.

• Correlation does not imply causation; confounding, reverse causation, and selection effects can create associations.

• Bayes' theorem: P(A|B) = P(B|A)P(A)/P(B); posterior odds equal prior odds multiplied by the likelihood ratio.

• Numeric series: test constant differences, constant ratios, alternating subsequences, and repeated differences before positing a complex rule.

• Verbal analogies require mapping the same relation, not surface similarity; check direction and part-to-whole or cause-effect structure.

• Working-memory load can be reduced by chunking, but chunking does not increase the underlying capacity limit.