ENADE Química flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Conceito Enade

Five-level indicator (1 to 5) derived from IRT-scaled performance of graduating students on Formação Geral and Componente Específico; it describes student performance, not the full course quality.

IDD indicator

Indicador de Diferença entre os Desempenhos Observado e Esperado: compares graduating students' Enade performance with that predicted from their entering performance, measuring value added by the course.

IRT discrimination parameter

Parameter a in the logistic model; it reflects how steeply the probability of a correct response rises with proficiency. High a means the item separates high and low proficiency examinees well.

Item difficulty parameter

Parameter b in IRT, located on the proficiency scale where the probability of a correct answer is (1+c)/2. Larger b indicates a harder item for the population tested.

Beer-Lambert law

A = εbc, where A is absorbance, ε the molar absorptivity, b the optical path length and c the concentration. It underpins quantitative UV-Vis spectrophotometric determination and calibration curves.

Buffer Henderson-Hasselbalch

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) for a weak acid and its conjugate base. Maximum buffer capacity occurs when pH equals pKa, that is, when acid and base concentrations are equal.

Nernst equation

E = E° - (RT/nF) ln Q, often written E° - (0.0592/n) log Q at 25 °C. It corrects cell potential for non-standard concentrations of reactants and products.

SN2 mechanism

A one-step bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with backside attack and a pentacoordinate transition state; rate = k[substrate][nucleophile], stereochemistry inverts, and polar aprotic solvents favor it.

Gravimetric analysis

Quantitative method in which the analyte is converted into a sparingly soluble or volatile product, filtered, dried or ignited, and weighed; the mass gives the amount via stoichiometric factors.

Enade Formação Geral weight

Formação Geral contributes 25% and the Componente Específico 75% of the Enade score. Formação Geral covers current affairs, ethics, citizenship and interdisciplinary reasoning.

Enamed purpose

National exam applied by INEP to graduating medical students, assessing competencies defined by the medical DCNs across collective health, clinical, surgical, pediatric and gynecological-obstetric areas.

SUS universalidade principle

Every person in Brazil has the right to health care guaranteed by the State, without discrimination; this universal access is a founding principle of the Sistema Único de Saúde.

SUS integralidade principle

Care must be conceived as an articulated set of preventive and curative actions, individual and collective, across all levels of complexity, ensuring continuous and comprehensive assistance.

Atenção Primária attributes

Starfield's essential attributes: first contact, longitudinality, comprehensiveness and coordination; derived attributes include family orientation, community orientation and cultural competence.

Incidence rate

Number of new cases of a disease in a population during a defined period, divided by the population at risk. It measures the risk of developing the disease.

Sensitivity of a test

Proportion of truly diseased individuals correctly identified as positive: TP/(TP+FN). High sensitivity makes a test useful for screening because false negatives are few.

Specificity of a test

Proportion of truly healthy individuals correctly identified as negative: TN/(TN+FP). High specificity makes a positive result strong evidence of disease in confirmatory testing.

ABCDE emergency approach

Sequential assessment of Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure in critically ill patients; life-threatening problems are treated as they are found before moving on.

Informed consent elements

Voluntary authorization by a patient with decision-making capacity, after receiving adequate information about risks, benefits and alternatives; grounded in the principle of autonomy.

Lei 8.080/1990

Organic Health Law that regulates the SUS: it defines principles, directives, competencies of federal, state and municipal governments, and conditions for health service organization and financing.

BNCC dez competências

Ten general competencies guiding basic education, covering knowledge, scientific thinking, cultural repertoire, communication, digital culture, work and life projects, argumentation, empathy, responsibility and citizenship.

BNC-Formação

Base Nacional Comum para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica, established with the 2019 DCNs; it organizes teacher competencies into three dimensions: knowledge, practice and engagement.

Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal

Vygotsky's concept: the distance between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with adult or peer mediation; teaching should act within this zone to promote development.

Meaningful learning

Ausubel's theory: new information is non-arbitrarily and substantively linked to relevant prior knowledge in the learner's cognitive structure; prior organizers can bridge the gap.

Avaliação formativa

Continuous, diagnostic and feedback-based assessment integrated into teaching, intended to regulate learning and adjust practice rather than only classify or rank students at the end.

Currículo oculto

Unplanned learning transmitted through routines, relationships and school culture, such as implicit norms and values; it operates alongside the official prescribed curriculum.

Transposição didática

Chevallard's concept: the process by which scientific knowledge is transformed into teachable school knowledge, adapting content, language and sequencing to the learners' level.

LDB Lei 9.394/1996

Brazilian National Education Guidelines and Bases Law; it structures basic education, sets teaching duties, and establishes democratic management and progressive autonomy for schools.

AEE in inclusive education

Atendimento Educacional Especializado: complementary service for students with disabilities in the regular school's resource room; it does not replace mainstream classroom instruction.

Projeto Político-Pedagógico

School's collective plan defining mission, curriculum organization and action strategies; its construction is participatory and it guides institutional evaluation and democratic management.

Interdisciplinaridade

Approach that integrates concepts from different disciplines around a common object or problem, seeking cooperation between knowledge areas rather than mere juxtaposition of separate contents.

Paulo Freire dialogic pedagogy

Education based on dialogue between teacher and student, problem-posing and critical reading of reality, opposing the banking model in which knowledge is merely deposited in learners.