First Aid, Accident Handling and Vehicle Safety Equipment
What the exam tests
This domain tests whether you can secure a scene, alert the right service and give basic life support without making the situation worse. The examiner values a calm sequence and correct priorities more than dramatic detail.
First aid priorities
- Secure the scene first: park safely, hazard lights, warning triangle at the prescribed distance, high-visibility clothing.
- Alert: 144 ambulance, 117 police, 118 fire, 112 European emergency number; give location, number of injured, hazards.
- Follow the ABC sequence: airway, breathing, circulation. Check response and breathing.
- CPR: 30 compressions to 2 breaths, 100 to 120 compressions per minute, depth 5 to 6 cm, allow full recoil; use an AED as soon as available.
- Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; treat shock by lying the casualty flat, keeping them warm and monitoring breathing.
- Do not remove a motorcycle helmet unless the airway is obstructed; do not give food or drink.
Accident handling
Stop, secure, help, alert. Exchange names, addresses, plates and insurance details. Involve the police where there are injuries, a hit-and-run or disputed facts. Report to the insurer promptly and document positions and damage.
Equipment
Know where the warning triangle, first-aid kit, high-visibility vest and fire extinguisher are, and check them regularly. A 10-hour Nothilfekurs is required for the category B learner permit.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is down on a country road. The instructor parks upstream, switches on hazard lights, places the triangle, and puts on a high-visibility vest before approaching. A bystander calls 144 while the instructor checks response and breathing. The helmet stays on because the airway is clear; bleeding is controlled with direct pressure and the rider is kept warm. The reasoning is that scene safety and airway take precedence over helmet removal, and that traffic must be warned before bystanders crowd the casualty.
Traps that cost marks
- Moving an injured person without immediate danger.
- Removing a helmet routinely.
- Giving an injured person food or drink.
- Leaving the scene or failing to warn traffic.
- Starting CPR without checking breathing and response.