Facharzt FMH Pathologie - independent subject foundations key terms

The arrangement and relationship of tissue elements, which can provide diagnostic information not fully represented by dispersed cells.

A fibrous stromal response interpreted with the lesion and anatomy rather than as independent proof of malignancy.

A supporting cell layer relevant to selected epithelial differentials, assessed with morphology and appropriate marker limitations.

A pulmonary epithelial growth pattern along existing alveolar structures, which does not alone exclude invasion elsewhere in the lesion.

Tumor involvement in a nerve-related pathway, interpreted within the relevant anatomical and pathological reporting framework.

Assessment of relevant nuclear proteins using appropriate controls, with loss patterns contributing to a defined diagnostic or reflex pathway.

Expected staining in suitable non-target elements of the same specimen that helps evaluate the interpretability of a result.

A membrane-staining pattern whose diagnostic significance depends on the organ, biomarker and applicable assay-scoring framework.

A finding requiring the relevant additional assessment rather than automatic conversion into either a confirmed positive or negative result.

A preparation that can support morphological and ancillary testing of cytological material, subject to the actual specimen and validation.

A cytological background associated with tissue breakdown and possible malignancy that does not independently establish every invasion relationship.

A population with evidence of a shared origin, which requires context before it is equated with a specific clinical neoplasm.

Loss involving the relevant full chromosomal arms, distinguished from partial probe-level events in an integrated classification.

A probe strategy for assessing rearrangement at a specified locus, without necessarily identifying the fusion partner.

A validated preparatory approach to improve detection of an epitope whose accessibility has been affected by tissue handling.

Removal of mineral from tissue through a chosen method that can affect morphology, antigenicity and molecular test performance.

Production of blood cells from an acquired clone, potentially contributing variants to plasma assays without proving a solid-tumor origin.

The proportion of genuinely affected cases identified by a defined test within the actual study and reference framework.

The proportion of genuinely unaffected cases identified as negative by a defined test within the actual reference framework.

An agreement measure comparing observed concordance with expected chance agreement, with interpretation affected by the sample and categories.