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Balearic Islands PAU Catalan Language and Literature II study materials
Balearic Islands PAU Catalan Language and Literature II study resources

Balearic Islands PAU Catalan Language and Literature II: Grammar, syntax and lexical competence

Balearic Islands PAU Catalan Language and Literature II · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

All guide sections

Grammar, syntax and lexical competence

This block, worth roughly two to two and a half points, tests reflexió lingüística through discrete items: substitute a segment by a pronoun, complete a verb, correct an error, choose between two prepositions, give a synonym or a derivative. The items are short and the marks are cumulative, so systematic accuracy matters more than partial knowledge.

High-yield grammar

  • Verbs: present subjunctive (canti, cantis, canti, cantem, canteu, cantin) after quan + future, perquè, cal que; periphrastic past vaig cantar versus simple past cantí; haver-hi impersonal (hi ha, hi havia, hi va haver); caldre (cal, calia, caldrà).
  • Pronouns: en (partitive, origin), hi (place, and with haver-hi, pensar-hi), ho (neuter direct object), li/els (indirect), es (pronominal passive, impersonal). Combinations follow indirect + direct: les hi he portat, els en donaré, and li becomes se before another pronoun (se n'ha oblidat).
  • Prepositions: per a + infinitive of purpose (he vingut per a ajudar-te); per for cause, agent and duration (el van castigar per arribar tard).
  • Orthography: accentuation of agudes, planes, esdrúixoles; dieresis (raïm, veïna, qüestió, aigües); l·l (novel·la, col·legi); apostrophe (l'home, d'acord, s'ha).
  • Lexis: prefixation (des-, in-, re-), suffixation (-ció, -ment, -esa), word families, phraseology.

Worked example

Item: Substitueix el segment subratllat pel pronom adequat: No he portat les claus al veí. First identify functions: les claus is a feminine plural direct object → les; al veí is indirect object → hi. Result: No les hi he portat. If the segment were al taller, the answer would still be hi, but as a locative; if it were de les claus, it would be No n'he parlat. The reasoning is always: function first, clitic second, then combination order.

Traps

Writing hi ha as one word or confusing it with ha; dropping the partitive in n'hi ha; mismatching els hi with a singular referent; accenting canta but not cantà; using per before an infinitive of purpose; confusing sinó (but) with si no (if not).