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HKIA/ARB PA Paper 1 study materials
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HKIA/ARB PA Paper 1 practice questions

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Question 1Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Under the Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), which body is responsible for maintaining the register of architects in Hong Kong?

  1. The Architects Registration Board Correct answer.
  2. The Buildings Department
  3. The Hong Kong Institute of Architects
  4. The Construction Industry Council

Explanation

The Architects Registration Board is the statutory body established under Cap. 408 and is expressly charged with establishing and maintaining the register of architects. The Institute is a professional society, not the registration authority.

Question 2Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A person who is not on the register of architects but describes their business as an "architectural consultancy" in Hong Kong is primarily at risk under which provision?

  1. The Trade Descriptions Ordinance on false trade descriptions
  2. The Buildings Ordinance provisions on unauthorized building works
  3. The Companies Ordinance rules on company names
  4. The offence relating to the use of the title "architect" and its derivatives in Cap. 408 Correct answer.

Explanation

Cap. 408 restricts the use of the title "architect" and closely similar descriptions to registered architects, so unregistered use of such a description is the central concern. Other ordinances may apply in particular circumstances but do not govern the protected title.

Question 3Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the composition principle of the Architects Registration Board under Cap. 408?

  1. It comprises only members nominated by the Hong Kong Institute of Architects
  2. It includes both registered architects and lay members appointed by the Chief Executive Correct answer.
  3. It is made up entirely of government officials
  4. It consists solely of registered architects elected by the profession

Explanation

The statutory scheme deliberately mixes registered architects with lay members appointed by the Chief Executive so that public interest is represented alongside professional expertise. A purely professional or purely official board would not reflect that balance.

Question 4Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An applicant applies for registration as an architect. Which of the following is the most accurate statement of the Board's power in respect of a qualification it does not recognise?

  1. The Board must refer every refusal to the Buildings Department for approval
  2. The Board has no discretion and must register all applicants who pay the prescribed fee
  3. The Board may refuse registration where the qualification is not one recognised under the Ordinance Correct answer.
  4. The Board must register any applicant who holds a degree with the word architecture in its title

Explanation

Registration depends on satisfying the statutory requirements, including holding a recognised qualification and meeting the prescribed experience. The Board assesses whether those requirements are met and may refuse where they are not.

Question 5Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

What is the principal purpose of the disciplinary provisions in Cap. 408?

  1. To set the fee scale for architectural services
  2. To regulate the tendering of construction contracts
  3. To resolve fee disputes between architects and their clients
  4. To protect the public by allowing the Board to inquire into allegations of professional misconduct or unfitness Correct answer.

Explanation

The disciplinary machinery exists to safeguard the public by investigating complaints and, where appropriate, imposing sanctions on registered architects. It is not a commercial dispute-resolution or fee-setting mechanism.

Question 6Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect is found by the Board to have acted in a manner that constitutes professional misconduct. Which outcome is within the Board's disciplinary powers?

  1. Cancellation of the architect's employment contract
  2. Award of damages to the complainant
  3. Imprisonment of the architect for up to twelve months
  4. Removal of the architect's name from the register Correct answer.

Explanation

The Board's sanctions operate on the register itself, for example removal from the register or other disciplinary orders. It does not impose custodial sentences, award damages, or terminate private contracts.

Question 7Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which statement correctly reflects the relationship between the Hong Kong Institute of Architects and the statutory registration system?

  1. Institute membership is a professional matter distinct from registration under Cap. 408 Correct answer.
  2. Registration automatically confers Institute membership
  3. The Institute issues the register of architects on behalf of the Board
  4. Institute membership is a statutory precondition for registration

Explanation

Registration under Cap. 408 and membership of the Institute are separate: one is statutory, the other is membership of a professional society. Being registered does not automatically make a person a member, and membership is not a statutory prerequisite.

Question 8Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Under the Code of Professional Conduct, an architect is offered a secret commission by a contractor to favour that contractor in a tender. What is the architect's proper course?

  1. Accept the commission provided it is modest in value
  2. Accept it and disclose it only after the contract is awarded
  3. Decline the commission and disclose the approach to the client Correct answer.
  4. Accept it because commissions are customary in construction

Explanation

Secret payments that could influence professional judgment are incompatible with the duty of integrity and impartiality owed to the client. The architect must refuse and inform the client so the client can protect its interests.

Question 9Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect discovers that a project's structural scheme, prepared by others, appears unsafe. What does the Code of Professional Conduct require?

  1. Resign from the project without telling anyone
  2. Raise the concern promptly with the responsible parties and the client Correct answer.
  3. Proceed because structural design is outside the architect's scope
  4. Report the matter only if a collapse occurs

Explanation

The Code obliges architects to have regard to public safety and to act on genuine concerns about the safety of works. Raising the issue promptly with those responsible and the client discharges that duty; silence or belated action does not.

Question 10Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes an architect's obligation regarding confidentiality of client information under the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. Confidentiality ends as soon as the fee is paid
  2. Client information should be kept confidential and used only for the purposes of the engagement Correct answer.
  3. Client information may be freely shared with other developers as market intelligence
  4. Confidentiality applies only to information marked confidential by the client

Explanation

The duty of confidentiality covers information acquired in the course of the engagement and limits its use to the purposes for which it was entrusted. It is not limited to documents the client has labelled, nor does it lapse on payment.

Question 11Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked to certify completion of works that the architect has not inspected. What is the correct response under the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. Decline to certify until the works have been properly inspected Correct answer.
  2. Certify and note the lack of inspection in a private file
  3. Certify because the contractor has given a verbal assurance
  4. Certify and rely on the client's own inspection

Explanation

Certification asserts a professional judgment that the works meet the relevant standard, so it must rest on adequate inspection and knowledge. Signing off uninspected work misleads the client and others relying on the certificate.

Question 12Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which statement about advertising and publicity by a registered architect is most consistent with the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. Publicity should be accurate and should not be misleading or disparaging of other architects Correct answer.
  2. Advertising of architectural services is prohibited in all forms
  3. Comparative claims about competitors' competence are encouraged
  4. Any claim may be made provided it attracts clients

Explanation

The Code permits publicity but requires it to be truthful, not misleading, and not disparaging of fellow professionals. Outright prohibition is not the approach; the standard is accuracy and fairness.

Question 13Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is engaged on a project and later asked to act for the contractor on a dispute arising from the same project. What is the key professional concern?

  1. The architect's fee level for the new appointment
  2. A conflict of interest arising from the earlier engagement and access to the client's information Correct answer.
  3. Whether the contractor is a member of the Institute
  4. The size of the contractor's workforce

Explanation

Acting against a former client on the same project risks using confidential information and creating a conflict with the earlier engagement. The Code requires architects to avoid situations where their independence could be compromised.

Question 14Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

What is the effect of a person's name being removed from the register of architects?

  1. The person may continue to use the title but not sign drawings
  2. The person ceases to be entitled to practise or hold out as a registered architect Correct answer.
  3. The person must transfer all projects to the Institute
  4. The person's past work is automatically invalidated

Explanation

Registration is the source of the entitlement to use the protected title and to be regarded as a registered architect. Removal ends that entitlement, although it does not retrospectively invalidate work properly done while registered.

Question 15Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following is a recognised route by which a person may become a registered architect in Hong Kong?

  1. Being employed by the Buildings Department for five years
  2. Being nominated by two Institute fellows
  3. Satisfying the Board's requirements as to qualification, practical experience and any required examination Correct answer.
  4. Winning a recognised architectural design award

Explanation

Registration is based on meeting the Board's prescribed requirements, which combine recognised qualifications, practical experience and any assessment the Board requires. Employment, nomination or awards do not by themselves confer registration.

Question 16Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect allows a non-registered employee to sign and issue architectural drawings under the architect's name. How should this be characterised under the professional conduct framework?

  1. It is improper because responsibility for professional work cannot be delegated to an unqualified person in that way Correct answer.
  2. It is acceptable if the employee has ten years of drafting experience
  3. It is acceptable if the client agrees in writing
  4. It is acceptable because the architect remains the employer

Explanation

Professional responsibility attaches to the registered architect who signs and takes responsibility for the work. Allowing an unregistered person to sign under the architect's name misrepresents who is responsible and is improper.

Question 17Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of these is the most accurate description of the Board's role in relation to continuing professional development?

  1. The Board has no interest in post-qualification learning
  2. The Board may require evidence of continuing professional development as a condition of continued registration Correct answer.
  3. The Board conducts the Institute's CPD seminars directly
  4. The Board sets the curriculum for all university architecture degrees

Explanation

Registration regimes commonly make continued registration conditional on ongoing professional development, and the Board administers that requirement. It does not run degree curricula or the Institute's seminar programme.

Question 18Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked by a client to backdate a certificate of practical completion to assist the client's financing. What is the correct professional response?

  1. Refuse, because backdating a certificate falsifies the professional record Correct answer.
  2. Agree if the client indemnifies the architect
  3. Agree and record the true date in a separate letter
  4. Agree if the actual completion date is very close

Explanation

A certificate is a contemporaneous professional statement, and backdating it misrepresents when the architect formed the judgment. The proximity of dates or an indemnity does not make a false record acceptable.

Question 19Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best states the position of a registered architect who is convicted of an offence involving dishonesty?

  1. The conviction may be referred to the Board and may lead to disciplinary action Correct answer.
  2. The architect must resign from all projects immediately
  3. The conviction has no relevance to professional standing
  4. Registration is automatically suspended by the court

Explanation

Dishonesty offences bear directly on fitness to practise, and the Ordinance allows such matters to be considered through the disciplinary process. The court does not suspend registration, and the relevance is not nil.

Question 20Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

What does the term "registered architect" signify in Hong Kong law?

  1. A person whose name appears on the register maintained under Cap. 408 Correct answer.
  2. Any person who has passed a professional practice examination
  3. Any person who has completed an architecture degree
  4. Any person employed in an architectural practice

Explanation

The term is defined by reference to entry on the statutory register. A degree, employment in a practice, or passing an examination may be steps towards registration but do not themselves make a person a registered architect.

Question 21Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect signs a contract that includes a term requiring the architect to certify the contractor's entitlement to payment without independent assessment. What is the principal professional concern?

  1. The architect should insist on a higher fee
  2. The contract is automatically void under Cap. 408
  3. The architect must report the client to the police
  4. The arrangement compromises the architect's independent professional judgment Correct answer.

Explanation

Certifying entitlement without independent assessment turns a professional judgment into a formality dictated by contract, undermining independence and the reliability of the certificate. The Ordinance does not automatically void such terms, but the conduct issue remains.

Question 22Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for an architect to deal with a client's instruction that would breach building regulations?

  1. Follow the instruction because the client bears legal responsibility
  2. Advise the client of the breach and decline to implement the instruction Correct answer.
  3. Follow the instruction only if the works are minor
  4. Follow the instruction and note the breach in the file

Explanation

Architects must not knowingly participate in unlawful works; the correct course is to advise the client of the legal position and refuse to give effect to the instruction. Client responsibility does not relieve the architect of professional duties.

Question 23Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A person uses the description "registered architect" while not on the register. Which statement best describes the legal position?

  1. The description is protected only in dealings with government departments
  2. The description is unregulated and may be used freely
  3. The description is protected only if the person charges fees
  4. The use of the description may constitute an offence under Cap. 408 Correct answer.

Explanation

The Ordinance protects the title and closely similar descriptions so that the public can rely on them as evidence of registration. Using them without registration is capable of amounting to an offence regardless of whether fees are charged.

Question 24Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best reflects the duty of an architect regarding records of professional work?

  1. Records should be kept only if the client requests them
  2. Adequate records should be kept to demonstrate the basis of professional decisions Correct answer.
  3. Records are unnecessary once a project is completed
  4. Records should be destroyed to protect confidentiality

Explanation

Maintaining records supports accountability and allows the architect to demonstrate the basis on which professional judgments, such as certifications, were made. Destroying them or keeping them only on request undermines that accountability.

Question 25Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked to provide a reference for a former employee that overstates the employee's experience. What is the correct professional approach?

  1. Provide the reference only if the employee signs a waiver
  2. Provide the overstated reference as a favour
  3. Decline to give any reference in all circumstances
  4. Provide a reference that is accurate and fair Correct answer.

Explanation

References are relied upon by third parties and must be honest; overstating experience misleads the recipient. A fair reference can be given without exaggeration, and there is no rule against giving references at all.

Question 26Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following persons is entitled to use the title "architect" in Hong Kong without contravening the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. A person whose name appears on the register of architects maintained under the Ordinance Correct answer.
  2. A person who holds an architecture degree from a recognised university but has not registered
  3. A person who has passed the professional practice examination but has not yet applied for registration
  4. A person who is employed as a draftsman in an architectural practice

Explanation

The Ordinance restricts the use of the title "architect" to persons whose names are on the register. Academic qualifications, examination success, or employment in an architectural office do not by themselves confer the right to use the title.

Question 27Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect wishes to describe herself on a name card as "Architect" and to include the letters "R.A." after her name. Which statement best reflects the position under the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. She may do so because she is a registered architect and the description is accurate Correct answer.
  2. She may do so only if her employer authorises the use of the title on business materials
  3. She may do so only if the Architects Registration Board gives prior written approval of the name card
  4. She may do so only if she is also a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects

Explanation

A person on the register is entitled to use the title "architect" and recognised abbreviations. The Ordinance prohibits unregistered persons from using the title; it does not require Board approval of individual name cards or institute membership for a registered person to use the title.

Question 28Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following is a function of the Architects Registration Board under the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. Negotiating collective agreements on behalf of employed architects
  2. Setting the fee scale for architectural services on private projects
  3. Considering applications for registration and determining whether applicants are qualified Correct answer.
  4. Approving the appointment of authorised persons under the Buildings Ordinance

Explanation

The Board's statutory functions centre on registration, including assessing applications and determining qualifications. It does not set professional fees, appoint authorised persons, or engage in employment bargaining.

Question 29Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect is convicted of an offence involving fraud. What is the most accurate statement of the possible consequences under the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. The conviction may be taken into account by the Board in disciplinary proceedings and may lead to removal from the register Correct answer.
  2. The conviction automatically removes the architect from the register without any further process
  3. The conviction has no relevance to registration because it arose outside professional practice
  4. The conviction can only be considered if the client who was defrauded makes a complaint to the Board

Explanation

A conviction for an offence involving dishonesty may be treated as professional misconduct or as a ground for disciplinary action, and the Board may remove the architect from the register. The process is disciplinary rather than automatic, and a client complaint is not a precondition.

Question 30Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which statement best describes the legal effect of registration under the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. Registration confers the right to use the title "architect" and signifies that the person meets the statutory requirements for registration Correct answer.
  2. Registration guarantees the quality of the architect's professional work to clients
  3. Registration automatically authorises the person to act as an authorised person for all building types
  4. Registration grants a licence to practise architecture that may be revoked only by the Buildings Department

Explanation

Registration under the Ordinance is primarily a title-protection and qualification-recognition regime. It entitles the registered person to use the title and indicates that statutory requirements have been met; it does not confer authorised person status or guarantee work quality.

Question 31Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An applicant for registration has satisfied the Board of his qualifications and experience. Before his name is entered on the register, what does the Ordinance generally require?

  1. Completion of a further period of supervised practice
  2. Submission of a client reference letter
  3. Payment of the prescribed registration fee Correct answer.
  4. Passing an interview conducted by the Hong Kong Institute of Architects

Explanation

The Ordinance provides for prescribed fees in connection with registration. Once the Board is satisfied as to qualifications, payment of the prescribed fee is the usual statutory prerequisite to entry on the register; additional supervision, client references, or institute interviews are not statutory requirements.

Question 32Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect's name is removed from the register following disciplinary proceedings. Which statement best reflects the position while the removal remains in effect?

  1. The person may continue to use the title if the Board's decision is under appeal
  2. The person may continue to practise if his employer confirms his competence
  3. The person may continue to act as an architect but must not describe himself as a registered architect
  4. The person must cease to hold himself out as an architect and may not use the title Correct answer.

Explanation

Removal from the register means the person is no longer a registered architect and must not use the title "architect" or hold himself out as one. The prohibition is statutory and is not displaced by an appeal, an employer's view, or a willingness to avoid the word "registered".

Question 33Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the role of the Architects Registration Board when it receives a complaint about the conduct of a registered architect?

  1. It must refer every complaint to the Hong Kong Institute of Architects for a binding decision
  2. It may inquire into the complaint and, where appropriate, refer the matter for disciplinary proceedings Correct answer.
  3. It may only act if the complaint is accompanied by a court judgment against the architect
  4. It must immediately suspend the architect pending the outcome of any investigation

Explanation

The Board is the statutory body responsible for inquiring into complaints about registered architects and for initiating disciplinary proceedings where warranted. It is not bound to refer complaints to the Institute, does not require a prior court judgment, and suspension is not automatic.

Question 34Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is engaged by a client and, during the project, the client instructs the architect to issue a certificate that the architect knows to be untrue. What is the architect's primary professional obligation?

  1. Refer the instruction to the contractor for confirmation before acting
  2. Refuse to issue the untrue certificate and explain the professional and legal reasons to the client Correct answer.
  3. Issue the certificate but record a private note of disagreement in the office file
  4. Comply with the instruction because the client is the architect's employer

Explanation

An architect must not issue a certificate or document that the architect knows to be false or misleading. The duty of honesty and integrity overrides a client's instruction, and the architect should refuse and explain the reasons rather than comply with a private reservation.

Question 35Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Under the Code of Professional Conduct, which statement best describes an architect's position when asked to act on a matter in which the architect has a conflicting personal financial interest?

  1. The architect may act provided the interest is disclosed to the client in writing and the client consents Correct answer.
  2. The architect may act without disclosure because personal interests are outside the Code's scope
  3. The architect may act only if the interest is below a fixed monetary threshold set by the Board
  4. The architect may act if another registered architect reviews the final decision

Explanation

The Code requires architects to avoid conflicts of interest and, where a conflict exists, to disclose it fully and obtain the client's informed consent before proceeding. There is no monetary threshold and no general exemption for personal interests.

Question 36Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked to provide a professional opinion on a building's compliance with the Buildings Ordinance for a fee that is contingent on the opinion being favourable. What is the appropriate response under the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. Decline the engagement because a contingent fee would compromise the architect's independence Correct answer.
  2. Accept the engagement and provide the opinion orally to avoid a written record
  3. Accept the engagement but disclose the fee arrangement to the Buildings Department
  4. Accept the engagement because the fee arrangement is a private matter between the parties

Explanation

The Code requires architects to maintain independence and objectivity. A fee contingent on a favourable professional opinion creates a direct threat to that independence and should not be accepted; disclosure to the Buildings Department or avoiding a written record does not cure the problem.

Question 37Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes an architect's obligation when asked to review the work of another architect for a client?

  1. The architect must first obtain the other architect's written consent before expressing any opinion
  2. The architect may review the work only if the other architect is no longer registered
  3. The architect should decline any review of another architect's work as a matter of professional courtesy
  4. The architect may review the work but should do so objectively and avoid unfounded criticism of the other architect Correct answer.

Explanation

The Code permits architects to review the work of others but requires objectivity and fairness, avoiding unfounded or disparaging criticism. Professional courtesy does not prohibit review, and the other architect's consent is not a precondition.

Question 38Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is offered a gift of substantial value by a contractor whose tender is under consideration. What does the Code of Professional Conduct require?

  1. The architect may accept the gift if it is shared with the rest of the design team
  2. The architect should decline the gift because accepting it could compromise impartiality Correct answer.
  3. The architect may accept the gift if it is disclosed to the client after the tender is awarded
  4. The architect may accept the gift if it is given openly and not in secret

Explanation

Accepting a gift of substantial value from a tenderer creates a conflict of interest and may compromise the architect's impartiality in evaluating tenders. Openness or later disclosure does not remove the impropriety of accepting such a gift in these circumstances.

Question 39Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which statement best describes the relationship between the Architects Registration Ordinance and the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. The Ordinance applies only to architects employed by the Government, while the Code applies to all architects
  2. The Code is a voluntary document with no bearing on disciplinary proceedings
  3. The Code has the force of statute and prevails over the Ordinance in the event of inconsistency
  4. The Ordinance establishes the statutory framework while the Code sets out standards of professional conduct expected of registered architects Correct answer.

Explanation

The Ordinance provides the statutory framework for registration and discipline, and the Code of Professional Conduct sets the standards expected of registered architects. Breaches of the Code may be taken into account in disciplinary proceedings; the Code does not override the Ordinance.

Question 40Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect is employed by a firm and signs drawings prepared by the firm in the name of the firm rather than in his own name. Which statement best reflects the position under the Architects Registration Ordinance?

  1. The architect may sign only if the firm itself is on the register of architects
  2. The architect commits an offence because drawings must always be signed in the name of an individual architect
  3. The architect may sign on behalf of the firm if he is a registered architect and the signing is properly authorised Correct answer.
  4. The architect may sign only if the drawings are also signed by a director of the firm

Explanation

A registered architect may sign documents on behalf of a firm where properly authorised to do so; the Ordinance regulates the use of the title by individuals, not the internal signing arrangements of practices. There is no requirement that drawings be signed only in an individual's name or that the firm be registered.

Question 41Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the standard of professional competence expected of a registered architect under the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. The architect must be competent in every branch of architectural practice at all times
  2. The architect may rely entirely on the competence of specialist consultants for all design decisions
  3. The architect's competence is presumed once registered and need not be maintained
  4. The architect must possess and maintain the knowledge and skill necessary for the work undertaken Correct answer.

Explanation

The Code expects architects to undertake only work for which they are competent and to maintain and update their knowledge and skills. It does not require universal competence in every branch, nor does registration remove the need for continuing competence.

Question 42Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked by a prospective client to take over a project from another architect who has been terminated. What is the appropriate professional approach?

  1. Accept the appointment without contacting the previous architect to avoid delay
  2. Decline the appointment because architects must never take over another architect's project
  3. Accept the appointment after notifying the previous architect and obtaining the client's confirmation that fees due have been settled Correct answer.
  4. Accept the appointment only if the previous architect agrees to destroy all project records

Explanation

The Code expects an architect approached to take over a project to notify the previous architect and to satisfy himself that the previous architect's legitimate interests, including outstanding fees, are protected. It does not prohibit succession, and destroying records would be improper.

Question 43Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the position of a registered architect who wishes to enter into a partnership with a person who is not a registered architect?

  1. The partnership may be formed only if the non-registered partner is an engineer
  2. The partnership may be formed, but the non-registered partner must not hold out as an architect Correct answer.
  3. The partnership may be formed only with the prior approval of the Architects Registration Board
  4. The partnership is prohibited because all partners must be registered architects

Explanation

The Ordinance restricts the use of the title "architect" but does not prohibit registered architects from entering into business arrangements with non-registered persons. The key restriction is that the non-registered partner must not hold out as an architect.

Question 44Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A person who is not on the register describes himself as an "architectural designer" and offers to provide full architectural services, including signing and issuing plans for submission to the Buildings Department. Which statement best reflects the legal position?

  1. The person may provide the services if clients are informed that he is not registered
  2. The person may provide the services if he works under the supervision of a registered architect
  3. The person may provide the services because the title used is not "architect"
  4. The person may not hold out as an architect, and the issue of plans for statutory submission is separately regulated Correct answer.

Explanation

The Ordinance prohibits unregistered persons from holding out as architects, and the Buildings Ordinance separately regulates who may prepare and submit plans for approval. Using a different title does not permit an unregistered person to hold out as an architect or to carry out statutory submissions reserved to authorised persons.

Question 45Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the obligation of a registered architect regarding the handling of a client's confidential information after the professional engagement has ended?

  1. The obligation of confidentiality applies only to information disclosed in writing
  2. The obligation of confidentiality applies only to information marked "confidential" by the client
  3. The obligation of confidentiality continues after the engagement ends Correct answer.
  4. The obligation of confidentiality ends when the engagement ends

Explanation

The duty of confidentiality is not limited to the duration of the engagement and continues after it ends. It is not confined to information marked confidential or to written information; it applies to confidential information acquired in the course of the professional relationship.

Question 46Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked to sign a document certifying that a building complies with a statutory requirement when the architect has not inspected the relevant works. What is the architect's proper course of action?

  1. Refuse to sign until the architect has carried out the necessary inspection Correct answer.
  2. Sign the document if the client accepts responsibility for the certification
  3. Sign the document because the contractor has confirmed compliance
  4. Sign the document and note the lack of inspection in a covering letter

Explanation

An architect must not certify matters that have not been properly verified. The architect should refuse to sign until the necessary inspection has been carried out; reliance on the contractor's confirmation or the client's acceptance of responsibility does not justify a false certification.

Question 47Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following best describes the position under the Architects Registration Ordinance when a registered architect practises under a business name that includes the word "architect"?

  1. The business name may be used if the architect is registered and the use does not mislead the public about the identity or status of the practice Correct answer.
  2. The business name may be used only if the business is incorporated under the Companies Ordinance
  3. The business name may be used only if every principal of the business is a registered architect
  4. The business name must be approved by the Architects Registration Board before use

Explanation

The Ordinance restricts the use of the title "architect" to registered persons, and a registered architect may use a business name including the word provided it is not misleading. Board approval of the name, universal registration of principals, and incorporation are not statutory requirements.

Question 48Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

A registered architect is invited to serve as an expert witness in a dispute involving another architect's professional work. Which statement best reflects the ethical position?

  1. The architect may accept provided the opinion is independent, objective, and based on the architect's professional judgment Correct answer.
  2. The architect should decline because architects must not give evidence against other architects
  3. The architect may accept only if the court orders the architect to give evidence
  4. The architect may accept only if the other architect consents to the appointment

Explanation

An architect may act as an expert witness where the opinion is independent and objective. The duty is to the tribunal, and professional courtesy does not prevent an architect from giving honest evidence; the other architect's consent is not required.

Question 49Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the Architects Registration Board's power to inquire into the conduct of a registered architect?

  1. The Board may inquire only into conduct that occurred in Hong Kong
  2. The Board may inquire only into conduct that has resulted in a criminal conviction
  3. The Board may inquire only into conduct that occurred during the architect's employment
  4. The Board may inquire into conduct wherever it occurred if the conduct affects the architect's fitness to practise Correct answer.

Explanation

The Board's disciplinary jurisdiction is not limited to conduct occurring in Hong Kong or resulting in a criminal conviction. Conduct elsewhere that bears on the architect's fitness to practise may be the subject of inquiry.

Question 50Professional Practice and Legislation (Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), Code of Professional Conduct, use of the "Architect" title, registration)

An architect is asked by a client to provide a copy of the architect's professional indemnity insurance policy. Which statement best reflects the position under the Code of Professional Conduct?

  1. The architect must provide the information only if the client pays an administration fee
  2. The architect should provide the information requested where it is relevant to the client's decision to engage the architect Correct answer.
  3. The architect must refuse because insurance arrangements are confidential to the architect
  4. The architect must provide the information only if the Board directs the architect to do so

Explanation

The Code expects architects to be transparent with clients about matters relevant to the engagement, including professional indemnity insurance arrangements where relevant. Refusing on the basis of confidentiality, charging a fee, or awaiting a Board direction is not consistent with that expectation.