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F-Gas Category I study materials
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F-Gas Category I practice questions

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Question 1F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Under the F-Gas Regulation, what is the maximum permitted leakage rate for a stationary refrigeration system containing 400 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, where the charge is HFC refrigerant?

  1. 2% of the charge per year
  2. 5% of the charge per year
  3. 20% of the charge per year
  4. 10% of the charge per year Correct answer.

Explanation

Stationary refrigeration systems at or above 5 tonnes CO2e but below 50 tonnes CO2e must be leak checked at least every 12 months, and the applicable leakage threshold for equipment of that size band is 10% of the charge per year. Higher thresholds apply only to hermetically sealed equipment.

Question 2F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A company places a new stationary refrigeration unit on the market that contains 60 tonnes of CO2 equivalent of HFC. What obligation does the F-Gas Regulation place on the operator regarding leak checks?

  1. Leak checks at least every 12 months Correct answer.
  2. Leak checks at least every 3 months
  3. Leak checks at least every 6 months
  4. No statutory leak check is required at this charge size

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires leak checks at least every 12 months for stationary refrigeration equipment containing 5 tonnes CO2e or more but less than 50 tonnes CO2e, and every 6 months from 50 tonnes CO2e. A 60 tonne CO2e unit therefore falls in the 6-monthly band.

Question 3F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which records must an operator of F-Gas equipment keep under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. Only the equipment manufacturer's warranty documents
  2. Records of leak checks, servicing, refrigerant quantities and the qualifications of the personnel Correct answer.
  3. Only the purchase invoice for the refrigerant
  4. Records solely of any refrigerant recovered at decommissioning

Explanation

Operators must maintain records covering leak checks, servicing and maintenance, the quantities and types of refrigerant added or recovered, and evidence that the work was carried out by certified personnel. These records must be kept for at least five years.

Question 4F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

For how long must an operator retain records of leak checks and refrigerant handling under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. One year
  2. Indefinitely
  3. At least five years Correct answer.
  4. Two years

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires records to be kept for at least five years and made available to the competent authority on request. This supports traceability of refrigerant use across the equipment life cycle.

Question 5F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which activity may lawfully be carried out only by personnel holding an F-Gas certificate or attestation?

  1. Replacing an electrical contactor on a condensing unit
  2. Cleaning the condenser coil of a refrigeration unit
  3. Reading the pressure gauge on a manifold
  4. Recovering refrigerant from a refrigeration circuit Correct answer.

Explanation

Recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases from equipment is a regulated activity that may only be performed by certified personnel. Non-refrigerant tasks such as cleaning or electrical work fall outside the certification requirement.

Question 6F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What is the purpose of the F-Gas Regulation's phase-down schedule?

  1. To set a maximum refrigerant charge for each equipment type
  2. To ban the sale of all refrigeration equipment containing HFCs by a fixed date
  3. To progressively reduce the quantity of HFCs placed on the EU market, measured in CO2 equivalent Correct answer.
  4. To require the recovery of all refrigerant at the end of equipment life

Explanation

The phase-down caps the total CO2-equivalent quantity of HFCs that may be placed on the market, expressed as a percentage of a baseline. It operates through quota allocation rather than an outright product ban.

Question 7F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a controlled substance under the Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulation?

  1. R-744
  2. R-134a
  3. R-22 Correct answer.
  4. R-410A

Explanation

R-22 is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and is a controlled ozone-depleting substance. R-410A and R-134a are HFC blends or HFCs controlled under the F-Gas Regulation, while R-744 is carbon dioxide.

Question 8F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What is the global warming potential (GWP) value used to express a refrigerant's CO2 equivalent under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. The mass of the refrigerant in kilograms
  2. The refrigerant charge divided by its GWP
  3. The refrigerant charge multiplied by its GWP Correct answer.
  4. The refrigerant volume in litres

Explanation

CO2 equivalent is calculated by multiplying the mass of refrigerant by its GWP, giving a figure in tonnes of CO2 equivalent. This figure determines which leak-check and record-keeping thresholds apply.

Question 9F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

An engineer discovers a leak in a system containing 800 tonnes CO2e of HFC refrigerant. What must the operator do?

  1. Wait until the charge falls below 5 tonnes CO2e
  2. Nothing until the next scheduled leak check
  3. Repair the leak without delay and record the repair Correct answer.
  4. Replace the entire system immediately

Explanation

Operators must repair leaks as soon as practicable and document the repair in the equipment records. Large-charge systems also require a follow-up leak check shortly after the repair.

Question 10F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

After repairing a leak on equipment containing 500 tonnes CO2e of HFC, within what period must a follow-up leak check be carried out?

  1. Within twelve months of the repair
  2. Within one month of the repair Correct answer.
  3. Within three months of the repair
  4. Within six months of the repair

Explanation

Where a leak is repaired on equipment at or above 50 tonnes CO2e, a follow-up check must be carried out within one month to confirm the repair was effective. This check must be recorded.

Question 11F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a legal duty of the operator of an F-Gas system?

  1. To manufacture the equipment to a specified standard
  2. To publish the system's GWP on a public register
  3. To ensure refrigerant is recovered by certified personnel and records are maintained Correct answer.
  4. To design the refrigeration circuit

Explanation

Operators are responsible for ensuring that refrigerant handling is carried out by certified personnel and that the required records are kept and retained. Design and manufacture are the responsibility of the producer, not the operator.

Question 12F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A technician is decommissioning a commercial refrigeration unit. What is the correct treatment of the refrigerant charge?

  1. Recover it using certified equipment and personnel before dismantling Correct answer.
  2. Vent it to atmosphere because the system is being scrapped
  3. Burn it on site to destroy the gas
  4. Seal it in the pipework and send the unit to landfill

Explanation

Refrigerant must be recovered before dismantling and handled only by certified personnel using appropriate recovery equipment. Venting is prohibited, and equipment containing refrigerant must not be disposed of without recovery.

Question 13F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which body enforces the F-Gas Regulation and ODS Regulation in the United Kingdom?

  1. The equipment manufacturer
  2. The Health and Safety Executive only
  3. The relevant environmental regulator, such as the Environment Agency Correct answer.
  4. The local fire authority

Explanation

Enforcement of the F-Gas and ODS Regulations rests with the environmental regulators, which in England include the Environment Agency. They may inspect records and take enforcement action for breaches.

Question 14F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Under the ODS Regulation, what must happen to ozone-depleting substances recovered from equipment?

  1. They must be destroyed or reclaimed by an authorised undertaking Correct answer.
  2. They may be sold on for use in new equipment
  3. They may be vented if the quantity is small
  4. They may be stored indefinitely in unlabelled containers

Explanation

Recovered ODS must be destroyed or reclaimed by an authorised undertaking; venting and uncontrolled reuse are prohibited. Storage must also meet labelling and containment requirements.

Question 15F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What is the significance of a refrigerant's GWP when selecting equipment for a new installation under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. It determines the colour of the equipment label
  2. It sets the maximum operating pressure of the system
  3. It determines the required electrical supply
  4. It affects whether the equipment falls within a use ban or charge limit Correct answer.

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation imposes use bans and charge limits based on GWP thresholds for certain equipment types. Selecting a lower-GWP refrigerant can keep an installation within the permitted rules.

Question 16F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A company uses a refrigerant with a GWP of 2088 and a charge of 30 kg. What is the charge expressed in tonnes of CO2 equivalent?

  1. 62.6 tonnes CO2e Correct answer.
  2. 627 tonnes CO2e
  3. 0.63 tonnes CO2e
  4. 6.27 tonnes CO2e

Explanation

CO2 equivalent is calculated by multiplying the mass in kilograms by the GWP and dividing by 1000: 30 × 2088 / 1000 = 62.64 tonnes CO2e. This figure determines the applicable leak-check interval.

Question 17F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following best describes the F-Gas Regulation's approach to preventing emissions?

  1. It bans all use of fluorinated gases immediately
  2. It relies solely on voluntary industry codes of practice
  3. It requires only that equipment be labelled
  4. It imposes legal duties on operators to prevent leaks and recover gases Correct answer.

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation places binding duties on operators to prevent leaks, repair them promptly, recover gases and keep records. These are legal obligations, not voluntary guidance.

Question 18F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What information must appear on the label of equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. The purchase price of the refrigerant
  2. The name of the servicing engineer
  3. The date of the last leak check
  4. The refrigerant type and quantity, and the CO2 equivalent of the charge Correct answer.

Explanation

Equipment must be labelled with the type of fluorinated gas, its quantity and the CO2 equivalent of the charge. This enables operators and inspectors to identify the applicable obligations.

Question 19F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A supermarket operates several refrigeration systems totalling 300 tonnes CO2e of HFC. Which combination of duties applies?

  1. Leak checks at least every six months, records kept for five years, and certified personnel for handling Correct answer.
  2. Annual leak checks only
  3. No duties because the total is below 500 tonnes CO2e
  4. A one-off leak check at commissioning

Explanation

Equipment at or above 50 tonnes CO2e requires leak checks at least every six months, with records retained for five years and refrigerant work done by certified personnel. The 300 tonne total falls within that band.

Question 20F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a requirement of the ODS Regulation regarding the use of ozone-depleting substances as refrigerants?

  1. They may be used freely in new equipment
  2. They may be used if the equipment is hermetically sealed
  3. Their use is restricted, with controls on placing on the market and use Correct answer.
  4. They may be used only in domestic refrigerators

Explanation

The ODS Regulation restricts the placing on the market and use of ozone-depleting substances, including as refrigerants. Controls apply regardless of equipment type or sealing.

Question 21F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

An operator uses a leak-detection system on a system containing 600 tonnes CO2e of HFC. How does this affect the leak-check interval?

  1. The interval is halved compared with systems without a detection system
  2. The interval is doubled compared with systems without a detection system Correct answer.
  3. No leak checks are required at all
  4. The interval remains unchanged

Explanation

Where a fixed leak-detection system is installed and verified, the statutory leak-check interval is doubled for larger systems. The detection system must be checked periodically to remain valid.

Question 22F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What is the consequence for an operator who fails to keep the required F-Gas records?

  1. The equipment warranty is voided by law
  2. No consequence, as records are advisory
  3. The operator may be subject to enforcement action and penalties by the regulator Correct answer.
  4. The refrigerant is automatically reclassified

Explanation

Record-keeping is a legal duty, and failure to comply can lead to enforcement action and penalties imposed by the regulator. Records must be produced on request.

Question 23F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A contractor is offered reclaimed HFC refrigerant of unknown origin for use in servicing equipment. What is the correct response under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. Accept it if it is cheaper than virgin refrigerant
  2. Decline unless it has been reclaimed by an authorised undertaking with proper documentation Correct answer.
  3. Accept it, as reclaimed refrigerant is always lawful to use
  4. Accept it if the equipment is old

Explanation

Reclaimed refrigerant must come from an authorised reclamation undertaking and be properly documented to demonstrate its origin and quality. Unverified refrigerant cannot lawfully be placed into equipment.

Question 24F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between the F-Gas Regulation and the ODS Regulation?

  1. They regulate the same substances in the same way
  2. The ODS Regulation has replaced the F-Gas Regulation
  3. The F-Gas Regulation applies only to ODS
  4. They regulate different substance groups, with ODS addressing ozone depletion and F-Gas addressing climate impact Correct answer.

Explanation

The two regimes address distinct substance groups: ODS controls ozone-depleting substances, while the F-Gas Regulation controls fluorinated greenhouse gases. Some substances may fall under both regimes where relevant.

Question 25F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

An operator plans to install new equipment using a high-GWP refrigerant. What should they check before proceeding?

  1. Whether the equipment can be painted a different colour
  2. Whether the refrigerant is subject to a use ban or charge limit for that equipment type Correct answer.
  3. Whether the installer holds a driving licence
  4. Whether the refrigerant is a controlled ODS

Explanation

Before installing, the operator must confirm that the refrigerant and equipment type are not caught by a use ban or charge limit under the F-Gas Regulation. Choosing a lower-GWP alternative may be necessary to comply.

Question 26F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Under the F-Gas Regulation, what is the minimum charge threshold at which an operator of stationary refrigeration equipment must ensure the equipment is checked for leaks?

  1. 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent Correct answer.
  2. 500 tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  3. 50 tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  4. 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires leak checks for stationary refrigeration equipment containing 5 tonnes CO2e or more of fluorinated greenhouse gases. This threshold applies unless a leak detection system is installed, which allows longer intervals.

Question 27F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

How often must an operator of a stationary refrigeration system containing 250 tonnes CO2e of HFC refrigerant (without a leak detection system) arrange for a leak check?

  1. Every 12 months Correct answer.
  2. Every 24 months
  3. Every 6 months
  4. Every 3 months

Explanation

For systems containing 50 tonnes CO2e or more but less than 500 tonnes CO2e, leak checks are required at least every 12 months. Systems of 500 tonnes CO2e or more require checks every 6 months, and those with a leak detection system have doubled intervals.

Question 28F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a legal requirement for an operator of equipment containing F-gases when a leak is detected?

  1. Repair the leak within 14 days and record the repair
  2. Repair the leak within 7 days and record the repair
  3. Repair the leak within 30 days and record the repair Correct answer.
  4. Repair the leak within 48 hours and record the repair

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires that leaks be repaired without undue delay, and in any case within 30 days of detection. The repair must be recorded in the equipment's records.

Question 29F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What must an operator do if a leak cannot be fully repaired within the allowed timeframe?

  1. Document the reason and schedule a follow-up repair Correct answer.
  2. Notify the environmental agency and shut down the system
  3. Replace the entire system immediately
  4. Record the leak as unrepaired and continue operation

Explanation

If a leak cannot be repaired immediately, the operator must document the reason for the delay and arrange for the repair to be completed as soon as possible. The equipment may continue to operate under certain conditions, but the leak must be monitored.

Question 30F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following records must an operator of F-gas equipment keep under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. The date of purchase of the equipment
  2. The energy efficiency rating of the equipment
  3. The quantity and type of gas installed and any gas added Correct answer.
  4. The name of the equipment manufacturer

Explanation

Operators must maintain records of the quantity and type of F-gases installed, any quantities added during servicing, and details of leak checks and repairs. Records must be kept for at least five years.

Question 31F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

For how long must an operator retain F-gas records for equipment containing 5 tonnes CO2e or more?

  1. At least 5 years Correct answer.
  2. At least 3 years
  3. At least 10 years
  4. At least 7 years

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires that records be kept for at least five years. This applies to equipment that meets the leak-check threshold.

Question 32F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a requirement for personnel carrying out leak checks on F-gas equipment?

  1. They must be registered with the local authority
  2. They must hold a valid F-gas certification Correct answer.
  3. They must have a minimum of 5 years' experience
  4. They must be employed by the equipment owner

Explanation

Personnel performing leak checks, repairs, or servicing on F-gas equipment must hold appropriate F-gas certification. This ensures competence and compliance with the regulation.

Question 33F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

A company operates a refrigeration system containing 600 tonnes CO2e of HFC. How does the presence of a certified leak detection system affect the leak-check frequency?

  1. It exempts the system from leak checks entirely
  2. It doubles the interval between leak checks Correct answer.
  3. It halves the frequency of required leak checks
  4. It requires leak checks every 3 months

Explanation

If a certified leak detection system is installed, the interval between leak checks may be doubled. For a system of 600 tonnes CO2e, the standard interval is every 6 months, so with a detection system it becomes every 12 months.

Question 34F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What is the purpose of the F-Gas Regulation's requirement for leak checks?

  1. To reduce noise pollution
  2. To ensure equipment is operating efficiently
  3. To comply with warranty conditions
  4. To prevent emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases Correct answer.

Explanation

The primary purpose of leak checks under the F-Gas Regulation is to prevent emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Early detection and repair minimise environmental impact.

Question 35F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a legal obligation for an operator regarding the recovery of F-gases from equipment at end-of-life?

  1. Dispose of the equipment without recovering the gas
  2. Release the gas if it is not ozone-depleting
  3. Ensure recovery is carried out by certified personnel Correct answer.
  4. Vent the gas if the equipment is small

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation requires that F-gases be recovered by certified personnel before equipment disposal. Venting is prohibited except in specific permitted cases.

Question 36F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Under the ODS Regulation, what is the status of reclaimed ozone-depleting substances?

  1. They can be used in new equipment
  2. They must be exported to non-EU countries
  3. They can be used freely as refrigerants
  4. They can only be used for destruction or reclamation Correct answer.

Explanation

The ODS Regulation restricts the use of reclaimed ozone-depleting substances to destruction or reclamation. They cannot be used as new refrigerants or in new equipment.

Question 37F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a requirement for labelling equipment containing F-gases under the F-Gas Regulation?

  1. The label must be in English only
  2. The label must include the equipment's serial number
  3. The label must state the date of installation
  4. The label must state the GWP of the gas Correct answer.

Explanation

Equipment containing F-gases must be labelled with the type of gas and its global warming potential (GWP). This informs users and technicians about the environmental impact.

Question 38F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

An operator uses a refrigerant with a GWP of 2088 and a charge of 30 kg. What is the charge expressed in tonnes of CO2 equivalent?

  1. 6.264 tonnes CO2e
  2. 0.06264 tonnes CO2e
  3. 62.64 tonnes CO2e Correct answer.
  4. 626.4 tonnes CO2e

Explanation

The CO2 equivalent is calculated by multiplying the charge in kg by the GWP and dividing by 1000: (30 kg × 2088) / 1000 = 62.64 tonnes CO2e. This value determines the applicable leak-check and record-keeping obligations.

Question 39F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

Which of the following is a key difference between the F-Gas Regulation and the ODS Regulation?

  1. The F-Gas Regulation controls HFCs, while the ODS Regulation controls CFCs and HCFCs Correct answer.
  2. The F-Gas Regulation applies only to refrigeration, while the ODS Regulation applies only to air conditioning
  3. The F-Gas Regulation bans all fluorinated gases, while the ODS Regulation allows some ozone-depleting substances
  4. The F-Gas Regulation is enforced by local authorities, while the ODS Regulation is enforced by the EU

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation targets fluorinated greenhouse gases such as HFCs, while the ODS Regulation targets ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and HCFCs. Both aim to reduce environmental impact but cover different substances.

Question 40F-Gas and ODS Regulations - legal duties and environmental obligations

What must an operator do before placing new equipment containing F-gases on the market?

  1. Register the equipment with the local municipality
  2. Conduct a leak check within the first month
  3. Obtain a permit from the environmental agency
  4. Ensure the equipment is labelled with the F-gas type and GWP Correct answer.

Explanation

Before placing equipment on the market, the operator must ensure it is properly labelled with the type of F-gas and its GWP. This is a requirement under the F-Gas Regulation to inform users and facilitate compliance.

Question 41Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Under the F-Gas Regulation, which group of substances is covered as fluorinated greenhouse gases?

  1. HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and unsaturated HFCs such as HFO-1234yf Correct answer.
  2. Only CFCs and HCFCs
  3. Ammonia, propane and butane
  4. Only carbon dioxide and methane

Explanation

The F-Gas Regulation covers fluorinated greenhouse gases, which include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons such as HFO-1234yf. CFCs and HCFCs are ozone-depleting substances controlled under separate legislation. Natural refrigerants are not fluorinated gases.

Question 42Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which term describes the global warming potential of a refrigerant?

  1. Its toxicity threshold over an eight-hour exposure
  2. Its ozone depletion potential relative to CFC-11
  3. Its climate impact relative to carbon dioxide over a set time horizon Correct answer.
  4. Its flammability rating under ISO 817

Explanation

GWP expresses the climate impact of one kilogram of a gas relative to one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a defined time horizon, commonly 100 years. It is a mass-based comparison, not a measure of ozone damage, flammability or toxicity.

Question 43Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which refrigerant has a GWP of 1 by definition?

  1. R-410A
  2. R-32
  3. Carbon dioxide (R-744) Correct answer.
  4. R-134a

Explanation

GWP values are defined relative to carbon dioxide, so CO2 (R-744) has a GWP of exactly 1. All HFCs have GWP values well above 1.

Question 44Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

What does ODP stand for in relation to refrigerants?

  1. Oxidising Decomposition Product
  2. Operational Discharge Parameter
  3. Overall Density Pressure
  4. Ozone Depletion Potential Correct answer.

Explanation

ODP is the ozone depletion potential, a relative measure of how much a substance can damage the stratospheric ozone layer compared with CFC-11. Refrigerants containing chlorine or bromine typically have a non-zero ODP.

Question 45Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which of these refrigerants is classified as an HFC?

  1. R-717
  2. R-744
  3. R-134a Correct answer.
  4. R-290

Explanation

R-134a is a hydrofluorocarbon, containing only hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. R-717 is ammonia, R-290 is propane and R-744 is carbon dioxide, all of which are natural refrigerants.

Question 46Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which refrigerant is a zeotropic blend whose components can fractionate during a leak?

  1. R-717
  2. R-744
  3. R-410A Correct answer.
  4. R-134a

Explanation

R-410A is a near-azeotropic but still zeotropic blend of R-32 and R-125, so its components can fractionate when it leaks or is charged as a vapour. R-134a, R-717 and R-744 are single-component fluids.

Question 47Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Why is R-744 considered to have minimal direct global warming impact in refrigerant accounting?

  1. It is excluded from the F-Gas Regulation
  2. It is always destroyed before release
  3. Its GWP is 1, so any charge released counts as one unit per kilogram Correct answer.
  4. It has a high ODP that offsets its GWP

Explanation

Because GWP is referenced to carbon dioxide, R-744 has a GWP of 1, so a release is counted as one kilogram of CO2 equivalent per kilogram. Its direct climate contribution is therefore far lower than an equivalent mass of a high-GWP HFC.

Question 48Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between refrigerant charge mass and CO2 equivalent?

  1. CO2 equivalent equals charge mass multiplied by GWP Correct answer.
  2. CO2 equivalent equals GWP divided by charge mass
  3. CO2 equivalent equals charge mass divided by GWP
  4. CO2 equivalent is independent of GWP

Explanation

CO2 equivalent, often called CO2e, is calculated by multiplying the mass of refrigerant by its GWP. This converts different refrigerants to a common climate metric so emissions can be compared and reported.

Question 49Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

A system contains 5 kg of R-404A. Using a GWP of 3922, what is the CO2 equivalent of the charge in tonnes?

  1. Approximately 196 tonnes CO2e
  2. Approximately 1.96 tonnes CO2e
  3. Approximately 19.6 tonnes CO2e Correct answer.
  4. Approximately 0.196 tonnes CO2e

Explanation

CO2e in kilograms equals charge mass times GWP: 5 kg x 3922 = 19,610 kg, which is about 19.6 tonnes. Dividing by 1000 converts kilograms to tonnes.

Question 50Refrigerant identification, properties and environmental impact

Which refrigerant is an unsaturated HFC, often described as an HFO, with a very low GWP?

  1. R-1234yf Correct answer.
  2. R-125
  3. R-143a
  4. R-32

Explanation

R-1234yf is an unsaturated hydrofluoroolefin with a GWP of less than 1, making it attractive for mobile air conditioning. R-32, R-125 and R-143a are saturated HFCs with much higher GWP values.