Gadyansh evam Anuvad: Unseen Passage Comprehension and Translation
This section gives you material you have never seen: an unseen prose passage (गद्यांश) with comprehension questions, and a translation exercise, usually English into Hindi. Both test the same skill - extracting meaning and re-expressing it accurately in your own words.
Working an unseen passage
- Read the questions first; they tell you which parts of the passage carry marks.
- Read the passage twice: once for the general sense, once with a pencil underlining names, numbers, causes and contrasts.
- Answer in complete sentences and in your own words. Copying a full sentence is penalised unless the question says 'as it is'.
- For word meanings, use the surrounding context, not a memorised list.
- For the title, summarise the passage in three or four words - the title should cover the whole passage, not only the first line.
Translation rules
Hindi follows Subject–Object–Verb order. English prepositions become Hindi postpositions placed after the noun. Verbs agree with the subject in person, number and gender. Idioms are translated by sense, never word for word.
Worked example
"The boys are playing in the garden." → "लड़के बगीचे में खेल रहे हैं।" Reasoning: the English prepositional phrase moves before the verb; in becomes में placed after बगीचे; the plural subject लड़के takes the plural auxiliary रहे हैं; the present continuous becomes अपूर्ण वर्तमान with रहा/रहे/रही.
Traps
- Translating "he is fond of music" as "वह संगीत का शौकीन पसंद है" - the idiom is rendered by sense, not literally.
- Forgetting gender agreement in past tense: लड़की गई, not लड़की गया.
- Answering comprehension questions with lifted sentences.
- Giving a title that fits only the opening line.