ESIC MTS cheat sheet

Series rule check: test differences first, then ratios, then alternating (+3, −2) patterns; squares/cubes series show second differences that are constant or themselves patterned.

Coding-decoding: letter position (A=1 … Z=26) or reverse position (A=27−n) is decided by whether the shift stays constant across all letters; mixed shifts usually mean alternating or position-based rules.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with gender marks; 'brother of my father's only son' resolves to self or brother, so count only relations the sentence forces.

Direction sense: net displacement uses Pythagoras when turns are at right angles; final direction depends on the last turn, not on total distance.

Syllogism: a conclusion follows only if it holds in every possible Venn arrangement; 'some A are B' is reversible, 'all A are B' is not.

Seating arrangement: fix the definite clue first, then place relative clues; in circular arrangements facing centre, left = clockwise and right = anticlockwise.

Analogy and classification: identify the relation type (part-whole, worker-workplace, cause-effect, synonym) before comparing options; odd-one-out usually breaks one shared property.

Coding inequalities: in statements like A > B ≥ C = D, combine into a chain; a conclusion is true only if the chain supports it in the stated direction.

ESIC was established in 1948 under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, and functions under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India.

ESI contributions: employer 3.25% and employee 0.75% of wages (total 4.00%), with wage ceiling for coverage raised to ₹21,000 per month (₹25,000 for persons with disability).

The ESI Scheme provides sickness, maternity, disablement, dependants', medical and funeral benefits plus confinement expenses; it was the first social security scheme in India.

Constitution facts: Fundamental Rights in Part III (Articles 12–35), Directive Principles in Part IV (36–51), Fundamental Duties in Part IVA (51A, added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976).

RBI was nationalised in 1949 and is India's central bank; monetary policy is set by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee, which targets CPI inflation at 4% with a ±2% band.

Indian geography: Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

National parks and sanctuaries: Kaziranga (Assam) for one-horned rhinoceros, Gir (Gujarat) for Asiatic lions, Sundarbans (West Bengal) for Royal Bengal tiger and mangroves.

Static science: SI unit of force is newton, pressure is pascal, power is watt; the pH scale runs 0–14 with values below 7 acidic and above 7 basic.

Percentage change: successive changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent; a 20% rise then 20% fall leaves a net 4% decrease.

Profit and loss: SP = CP × (100 + profit%)/100; when two articles are sold at the same price with equal profit% and loss%, the seller always makes an overall loss of (common%/10)².

Simple and compound interest: SI = P × R × T/100; CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for two years the CI − SI gap equals P(R/100)².

Time, speed and distance: average speed for equal distances at x and y is 2xy/(x + y), not (x + y)/2; relative speed adds for opposite directions and subtracts for the same direction.

Ratio and mixture: alligation gives the ratio of two components as (mean − cheaper) : (dearer − mean); repeated replacement leaves final quantity Q(1 − x/Q)^n.

Time and work: if A alone takes a days and B alone b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days; use LCM of days as total work units to avoid fractions.

Number system: divisibility by 3 or 9 depends on the digit sum, by 11 on the alternating digit-sum difference, and by 8 on the last three digits.

Mensuration: cylinder volume πr²h and curved surface 2πrh; sphere volume (4/3)πr³ and surface 4πr²; cone volume is one-third of the cylinder with the same base and height.

Averages: new average after adding a value = (old sum + value)/(old count + 1); if every item rises by k, the average rises by exactly k.

Subject-verb agreement: 'one of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb; 'each, every, either, neither' are singular; 'a number of' is plural but 'the number of' is singular.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation (an hour, a university, an MLA).

Prepositions fixed with verbs: consist of, comply with, abide by, capable of, prefer to, superior to, married to, deprived of.

Tenses: after 'since' or 'for' marking a point of past time, use present perfect (has worked here since 2019); after 'had' use past participle.

Error spotting order: check verb agreement, then tense consistency, then preposition, then pronoun, then article - most errors in one-line questions fall in these five slots.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent takes 'by'; imperative passives start with 'Let' (Let the door be closed).

Direct to indirect speech: present tense shifts to past, 'this' to 'that', 'today' to 'that day', and questions become statements with 'if/whether' or the wh-word.

Cloze and reading comprehension: choose the option that fits both grammar and the paragraph's meaning; a word that is grammatically correct but changes the topic is wrong.

Synonyms and antonyms: use the word in a short sentence to fix its sense, since many exam words shift meaning with context (e.g., 'sanction' can mean approve or penalty).