ESIC MTS flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Letter position value

A=1 through Z=26. Reverse value is 27 minus the forward value, so A=26 and Z=1. Coding questions use one of these two scales consistently across all letters.

Syllogism validity test

A conclusion is valid only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram of the premises. 'Some A are B' converts to 'some B are A', but 'all A are B' does not convert that way.

Circular seating left and right

When people face the centre, a person's left is clockwise and right is anticlockwise. When they face outward, the directions reverse. Fix the definite clue before placing others.

Direction sense net displacement

Right-angle turns create a right triangle, so net distance is the square root of the sum of squared horizontal and vertical displacements. Final facing direction depends only on the last turn.

Blood relation tree method

Draw each person as a node, use a plus for male and minus for female, and connect with vertical lines for generations and horizontal lines for siblings and spouses. Count only forced relations.

Number series second difference

Subtract consecutive terms repeatedly. A constant first difference means an arithmetic series; a constant second difference means a quadratic pattern; constant ratios mean a geometric series.

Inequality chain combination

Combine statements into one chain, e.g. A > B ≥ C = D. A conclusion like A > D is true because the chain supports it end to end; a reversed claim is false.

ESIC establishment and statute

Employees' State Insurance Corporation was set up in 1948 under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. It works under the Ministry of Labour and Employment as India's first social security scheme.

ESI contribution rates

Employer contributes 3.25% and employee 0.75% of wages, totalling 4.00%. Coverage ceiling is ₹21,000 per month, raised to ₹25,000 for persons with disability.

ESI benefits covered

The scheme gives sickness, maternity, disablement, dependants', medical and funeral benefits plus confinement expenses. Cash benefits are administered through ESIC branch offices and dispensaries.

Fundamental Rights location

Fundamental Rights sit in Part III, Articles 12 to 35. Directive Principles are in Part IV, Articles 36 to 51, and Fundamental Duties in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment.

RBI inflation target

The Monetary Policy Committee of six members sets the repo rate. Its flexible inflation target is 4% consumer price inflation with a tolerance band of plus or minus 2%.

Tropic of Cancer states

The Tropic of Cancer crosses eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. It passes near Bhopal and Ranchi.

Famous national park pairings

Kaziranga in Assam is known for the one-horned rhinoceros, Gir in Gujarat for Asiatic lions, and Sundarbans in West Bengal for tigers and mangroves.

SI units of mechanics

Force is measured in newtons, pressure in pascals, work and energy in joules, power in watts, and frequency in hertz. One newton equals one kilogram metre per second squared.

pH scale basics

The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. Each unit step means a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease produces a net 4% decrease.

Equal profit and loss trap

If two articles sell at the same price, one at x% profit and the other at x% loss, the seller always loses (x/10)² percent overall, regardless of the selling price.

CI minus SI for two years

For two years the gap between compound and simple interest equals P(R/100)². For three years it is P(R/100)² × (3 + R/100). Both use the same principal and rate.

Average speed equal distances

When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x + y), the harmonic mean. It is never the arithmetic mean (x + y)/2 unless x equals y.

Alligation rule

To mix components priced cheaper and dearer to reach a mean price, the ratio of quantities is (mean − cheaper) : (dearer − mean). This also solves mixture and dilution problems.

Combined work formula

If A alone finishes in a days and B alone in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days. Using the LCM of the days as total work units avoids fractions.

Divisibility shortcuts

Divisible by 3 or 9 if the digit sum is; by 11 if the alternating digit-sum difference is 0 or a multiple of 11; by 8 if the last three digits form a multiple of 8.

Cone and sphere mensuration

A cone's volume is one-third of πr²h of the cylinder with the same base and height. A sphere has volume (4/3)πr³ and surface area 4πr².

Average after adding an item

New average equals the old total plus the new value, divided by the old count plus one. If every observation increases by k, the average also increases by exactly k.

One of the plural rule

In 'one of the + plural noun', the verb agrees with 'one' and stays singular. 'Each', 'every', 'either' and 'neither' also take singular verbs.

A versus an by sound

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation, not spelling. So 'an hour', 'a university', 'an MLA', 'a European'.

Verbs with fixed prepositions

Certain verbs pair with set prepositions: consist of, comply with, abide by, capable of, prefer to, superior to, married to, deprived of. Changing the preposition creates an error.

Present perfect with since

Use present perfect for an action continuing from a past point: 'has worked here since 2019'. 'Since' marks a point in time; 'for' marks a duration.

Imperative passive form

Commands in passive voice begin with 'Let': 'Open the door' becomes 'Let the door be opened'. Negative commands become 'Let the door not be opened'.

Direct to indirect shifts

In reported speech, present tense becomes past, 'this' becomes 'that', 'today' becomes 'that day', and yes-no questions take 'if' or 'whether' with statement word order.