Gujarat Police Constable cheat sheet

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes; alternating series split odd and even positions when single-step differences fail.

Alphabet positions: A=1 to Z=26; reverse position = 27 minus forward position, so A is 26 and Z is 1 in reverse counting.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with vertical lines for generations and horizontal lines for siblings/marriage; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: use a compass sketch; net displacement uses Pythagoras when two moves are perpendicular, e.g. 3 km north then 4 km east gives 5 km.

Coding-decoding: compare letter positions of plain and coded word to find shift (+n/-n), reversal, or position-sum rules.

Odd-one-out: test divisibility, prime status, perfect squares, digit sums, and units digits before guessing category-based rules.

Syllogism: a conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some' is reversible, 'all' is not.

Clock problems: angle between hands = |30H - 5.5M| degrees; hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours, not 12 times.

Ranking: total persons = (rank from left + rank from right) - 1 when the same person is counted from both ends.

Gujarat borders Rajasthan (north), Madhya Pradesh (east), Maharashtra (south), and the Arabian Sea (west); it shares an international border only with Pakistan.

Gujarat districts number 33 after the 2013 creation of new districts; the state capital is Gandhinagar and the High Court sits at Ahmedabad.

Gujarat's state symbols: bird greater flamingo, animal Asiatic lion, tree banyan, flower marigold (galgota).

Constitutional articles to remember: 14-18 equality, 19-22 freedoms and safeguards, 32 writs, 44 uniform civil code directive, 356 President's rule.

Fundamental Rights are enforceable in courts; Directive Principles (Part IV) are not directly enforceable but guide state policy.

National parks of Gujarat include Gir, Vansda, Blackbuck (Velavadar), and Marine (Gulf of Kachchh); Gir is the only natural Asiatic lion habitat.

Current affairs: track appointments of President, Governors, Chief Justices, and Gujarat Chief Ministers, plus recent census/statistics releases and state schemes.

Indian defence and space milestones: ISRO launches from Sriharikota; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole in 2023.

Gujarati has three genders (પુલ્લિંગ, સ્ત્રીલિંગ, નપુંસકલિંગ) and two numbers (એકવચન, બહુવચન); adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Vibhakti (વિભક્તિ) markers: -એ (કર્તા), -ને (કર્મ/સંપ્રદાન), -થી/-એ (કરણ), -થી/-માંથી (અપાદાન), -નું/-ની/-નો (સંબંધ).

Sandhi types: સ્વર સંધિ (vowel + vowel), વ્યંજન સંધિ (consonant contact), and વિસર્ગ સંધિ; identify the original words before joining.

Samasa (સમાસ) types include તત્પુરુષ, દ્વંદ્વ, બહુવ્રીહિ, કર્મધારય, દ્વિગુ, and અવ્યયીભાવ; the final member usually decides the compound's gender.

Synonyms and antonyms: build pairs such as દયા-કરુણા and અંધકાર-પ્રકાશ; exam items often ask for the opposite of a single word.

Idioms (રૂઢિપ્રયોગ) carry non-literal meaning, e.g. હાથ પર તાળી પડવી means to be exposed or caught; distinguish from મુહાવરો where literal sense partly survives.

Gujarati script: 34 consonants plus 11 vowels and 2 diphthongs; અનુસ્વાર (ં) and ચંદ્રબિંદુ (ઁ) are nasal marks, while વિસર્ગ (ઃ) is a distinct sign.

Sentence correction: check subject-verb agreement, correct vibhakti suffix, and the order subject-object-verb, which is standard in Gujarati.

Percentage change: increase of x% then decrease of x% gives net change of -(x²/100)%, always a net loss.

Profit and loss: SP = CP × (100 + profit%)/100; if two articles are sold at the same price with equal gain and loss percentages, the seller always loses.

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T - 1]; CI exceeds SI by P(R/100)² for two years.

Speed, time, distance: convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18; relative speed adds for opposite directions and subtracts for same direction.

Average = sum of values / number of values; if every value is increased by k, the average also increases by k.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; divide a total T in ratio a:b as T×a/(a+b) and T×b/(a+b).

Area formulas: triangle ½×base×height, circle πr², rectangle l×b, trapezium ½(a+b)h; volume of cylinder πr²h and sphere (4/3)πr³.

LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers; use HCF for dividing into equal largest groups and LCM for events repeating together.

Time and work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days; use work units rather than fractions where possible.