Gujarat Police Constable flashcards
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- Alternating series rule
- When consecutive differences of a number series show no pattern, split the series into odd-position and even-position terms and test each subsequence separately for its own rule.
- Reverse alphabet position
- The reverse position of a letter equals 27 minus its forward position, so A is 26, E is 22, and Z is 1; useful in coding-decoding and alphabet series questions.
- Clock hand angle formula
- The angle between hour and minute hands is the absolute value of 30H minus 5.5M degrees, where H is the hour and M the minutes; values above 180 are subtracted from 360.
- Valid syllogism conclusion
- A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the premises; a conclusion that holds in just one arrangement is not valid.
- Ranking total formula
- When one person's rank is given from both ends, the total number of persons equals left rank plus right rank minus one, because that person is counted twice.
- Direction displacement rule
- Sketch each move on a compass; when the final position is reached by two perpendicular legs, the straight-line distance is the square root of the sum of squares.
- Gujarat state symbols
- Gujarat's state bird is the greater flamingo, state animal the Asiatic lion, state tree the banyan, and state flower the marigold (galgota).
- Article 32 of Constitution
- Article 32 gives the right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, and is itself a Fundamental Right.
- Gir National Park
- Gir, in Junagadh district of Gujarat, is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic lion; the state also has Vansda, Velavadar, and Marine national parks.
- Fundamental Rights versus DPSP
- Fundamental Rights in Part III are enforceable in courts, while Directive Principles in Part IV guide state policy and are not directly enforceable by any court.
- Gujarat boundaries
- Gujarat borders Rajasthan to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, the Arabian Sea to the west, and Pakistan to the northwest.
- Chandrayaan-3 landing
- India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, launched by ISRO in 2023, achieved a soft landing near the Moon's south pole, making India the first country to do so.
- Gujarati grammatical gender
- Gujarati nouns carry masculine, feminine, or neuter gender, and adjectives change ending to agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.
- Vibhakti suffix -ne
- In Gujarati the suffix -ne commonly marks the object or recipient (karma or sampradan), as in રામને બોલાવો, meaning call Ram.
- Dvandva samasa
- A dvandva compound joins two words of equal status that could be linked by 'and', such as માતા-પિતા (mother and father); neither member is subordinate.
- Bahuvrihi samasa
- A bahuvrihi compound denotes something other than its members, describing a possessor, such as લાંબા હાથવાળો for a person with long arms.
- Anusvara and chandrabindu
- In the Gujarati script, anusvara (ં) marks nasalisation after a vowel and chandrabindu (ઁ) marks nasalisation of the vowel itself; visarga (ઃ) is a separate sign.
- Gujarati idiom meaning
- A રૂઢિપ્રયોગ has a fixed figurative meaning unrelated to the literal words, for example હાથ પર તાળી પડવી means being caught or exposed.
- Gujarati word order
- Standard Gujarati sentence order is subject, then object, then verb; the verb agrees with the subject in person, number, and gender in most tenses.
- Sandhi definition
- Sandhi is the joining of two adjacent sounds into one word, classified as vowel sandhi, consonant sandhi, or visarga sandhi depending on the sounds that meet.
- Successive percentage change
- An increase of x percent followed by a decrease of x percent always yields a net decrease of x squared divided by 100 percent, never a gain.
- Compound interest formula
- Compound interest equals principal times the quantity one plus rate over 100, raised to the time period, minus the principal; compounding frequency changes the effective rate.
- Two-year CI minus SI
- For two years, compound interest exceeds simple interest by principal times the square of rate divided by 100 squared, that is P(R/100)².
- km/h to m/s conversion
- Multiply a speed in kilometres per hour by 5/18 to obtain metres per second, and multiply a speed in metres per second by 18/5 to return to kilometres per hour.
- Relative speed rule
- For two moving bodies, relative speed is the sum of speeds when they move in opposite directions and the difference when they move in the same direction.
- LCM and HCF product rule
- For any two positive integers, the product of their LCM and HCF equals the product of the two numbers themselves; this fails for three or more numbers.
- Time and work formula
- If A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, working together they complete the job in xy divided by x plus y days, assuming constant rates.
- Area of trapezium
- The area of a trapezium equals half the sum of its two parallel sides multiplied by the perpendicular distance between them, written as ½(a+b)h.
- Average shift property
- Adding a constant k to every value in a data set raises the average by exactly k, and multiplying every value by k multiplies the average by k.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal times rate times time divided by 100, where the rate is per annum and time is expressed in years.
- Ratio division rule
- To divide a total T in the ratio a to b, give the first share T times a divided by a plus b, and the second share the remaining amount.
- Sphere volume formula
- The volume of a sphere is four-thirds times pi times the cube of its radius, while its surface area is four times pi times the square of the radius.