Gujarat Police Constable key terms

Available evidence or statements are used to reach a logical conclusion. In reasoning tests, questions ask what must be true if the given statements are accepted.

Reasoning from a general rule to a specific case, such as applying a stated principle to one example. Conclusions follow necessarily when the premises are true.

Reasoning from particular observations to a broad general rule. The conclusion is probable rather than certain, because future cases may differ from those observed.

A list of numbers, letters, or symbols arranged by a hidden rule. The candidate must identify the pattern and supply the missing or next item.

A relationship in which two pairs share the same logical connection, such as worker to tool. The task is to find a pair matching the given pair's link.

Grouping items that share a common property and identifying the odd one out. The candidate must spot which item lacks the feature the others share.

Words or numbers are rewritten using a fixed rule, such as shifting letters or swapping positions. The candidate must decode a new word using the same rule.

Questions state family links in words or symbols and ask how two people are related. Drawing a small family tree prevents errors with gender and generation.

Problems describe movement in terms of north, south, east, and west, then ask for final direction or distance. A rough sketch of each turn makes the answer clear.

People are arranged in a line or around a table under stated conditions. The candidate places each person step by step until all clues are satisfied.

Questions give a person's position from either end of a row and ask for total strength or another position. The standard formula uses both positions minus one.

Problems ask the angle between hour and hand at a given time, or when hands overlap. The hour hand moves 0.5 degree per minute and the minute hand 6 degrees.

Questions ask the day of the week on a given date, using odd-day counts for years and months. A normal year shifts the weekday by one, a leap year by two.

A drawn figure contains overlapping lines, and the candidate counts triangles, squares, or rectangles. Systematic counting by size avoids missing or double-counting shapes.

A line that divides a figure into two identical halves is its axis of symmetry. Questions ask how many such axes a shape has or which shape is symmetric.

The visible pattern a series follows, such as alternating letters, repeated symbols, or rotating shapes. Recognising the form quickly is the key to series questions.

The fundamental law that sets out the structure of government, fundamental rights, and duties. India's Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.

Rights guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Constitution, such as equality, freedom of speech, and protection of life. Courts can enforce them through writs.

The national legislature consisting of the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha. It makes laws, approves the budget, and holds the executive accountable.

The directly elected lower house of Parliament. Its members are chosen by voters in constituencies and serve a term of up to five years.

The highest court in India, located in New Delhi. It hears appeals, settles disputes between states, and protects fundamental rights by issuing writs.

The system of local self-government in villages, blocks, and districts, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment. Gujarat has a three-tier panchayat structure.

The right to vote in elections, granted in India to every citizen aged eighteen or above. It is exercised through a secret ballot at polling stations.

The story of the region from ancient ports and kingdoms through the Solanki era, Maratha rule, and the merger of princely states into Bombay State and later Gujarat.

1 May 1960, when the state of Gujarat was formed after the Bombay State was split on linguistic lines. The day is celebrated annually as Gujarat Day.

The movement against British rule in which Gujarat played a notable part, including the Dandi March of 1930 led by Mahatma Gandhi. It led to independence in 1947.

Born at Porbandar in Gujarat in 1869, he led India's non-violent freedom struggle. His methods of satyagraha and civil disobedience inspired movements worldwide.

In Gujarati grammar, a junction where two sounds combine and change form, such as vowel merging at a word boundary. Recognising sandhi helps in splitting compound words.

A compound word formed by joining two or more words into one unit, such as રાજભવન. Questions ask to expand a compound or name its type.

A prefix placed before a root word to modify its meaning, such as અ + ગમન. Identifying prefixes helps in explaining word formation and meaning change.

A suffix added after a root word to form a new word or show grammatical relation. Gujarati has both word-forming and inflectional suffixes.

A case ending attached to a noun or pronoun to show its role in the sentence, such as subject, object, or possession. Gujarati marks these with suffixes and postpositions.

The grammatical relation a noun has with the verb, such as doer, object, or instrument. Each kāraka is expressed by particular case markers or postpositions.

The word that expresses an action or state in a sentence and agrees with its subject in person, number, and gender. It carries tense and aspect information.

The arrangement of words into a meaningful sentence following Gujarati word order, typically subject then object then verb. Correct construction ensures clarity.

The classification of words into categories such as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, and indeclinable. Knowing the class helps in correcting and analysing sentences.

The accepted spelling of a Gujarati word, including correct vowel signs and consonant clusters. Questions ask to spot the wrongly spelt word among options.

A fixed phrase whose meaning differs from the literal words, such as idioms used in everyday Gujarati. Questions ask for the meaning or a matching idiom.

A short traditional saying that carries practical wisdom, widely used in Gujarati speech. Questions ask to complete a proverb or explain its sense.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, used to compare quantities or show increase and decrease. Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages is a core skill.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. It gives a single figure representing the group and is used in speed and marks problems.

A comparison of two quantities by division, written as a pair such as 3:4. Ratios are used to divide amounts or compare sizes in word problems.

The gain made when selling price exceeds cost price, usually expressed as a percentage of cost. Loss occurs when selling price is lower than cost.

Money paid for the use of borrowed money, calculated on principal at a given rate. Simple interest stays constant each year, while compound interest grows.

Problems in which workers or pipes complete a task at given rates, and the candidate finds combined or remaining time. Rates are added when work is done together.

Questions relate distance, speed, and time using the rule that distance equals speed multiplied by time. Unit conversion between km/h and m/s is often needed.