IBPS RRB Law Officer cheat sheet

Syllogism: draw only those conclusions that hold in every possible Venn arrangement; 'some not' conclusions require a definite non-member.

Ordering puzzles: fix the most constrained item first, then place items with two or more direct relations; check both directions of each inequality.

Blood relations: convert statements into a family tree with gender markers; a question asking 'how related' usually needs the shortest path between two nodes.

Coding-decoding: compare the coded and plain words position by position; repeated letters in a word reveal whether the code is substitution or shifting.

Direction sense: use a coordinate grid; final displacement = square root of (net north-south)^2 + (net east-west)^2, and facing direction rotates 90 degrees per right/left turn.

Seating arrangement: for a circle, clockwise order equals the reverse of anticlockwise; for a row, 'left of X' means the observer's left unless stated otherwise.

Data sufficiency: a statement is sufficient only if it yields a unique value; two different possible values mean insufficiency even if both satisfy the question.

Input-output and series: identify the operation applied per step (sorting, arithmetic, shuffling) before predicting later steps; do not assume a single rule.

Simple interest = P x R x T / 100; compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T - 1], and CI - SI for 2 years = P(R/100)^2.

Successive percentage changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100; a 20% rise followed by a 20% fall leaves a 4% net fall.

Profit and loss: SP = CP(1 + profit%/100); when two articles are sold at the same price with equal gains and losses of x%, there is always a net loss of (x/100)^2 percent.

Time and work: if A does work in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days; use LCM of days as total units of work.

Speed: distance = speed x time; for a train crossing a platform, total distance = train length + platform length; relative speed adds for opposite directions and subtracts for same direction.

Mixtures: replacement formula gives final quantity of pure liquid = initial x (1 - replaced/total)^n after n operations.

Permutation and combination: arrangements of n distinct items = n!; selections of r from n = nCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!]; circular arrangements of n items = (n-1)!.

Data interpretation: compute percentage share as (part/whole) x 100 and compare ratios, not absolute differences, when bases differ across years.

RBI was established on 1 April 1935 under the RBI Act, 1934, and was nationalised on 1 January 1949.

Monetary policy is decided by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee, which must meet at least four times a year and has a 4% +/- 2% inflation target.

CRR is the share of net demand and time liabilities kept with RBI; SLR is held in approved securities and government bonds.

NPCI operates UPI, IMPS, RuPay, NACH, AePS, FASTag and Bharat BillPay; UPI is an instant interbank payment system built on IMPS rails.

Deposit insurance is provided by DICGC, covering up to Rs 5 lakh per depositor per bank.

Priority sector lending target for scheduled commercial banks is 40% of adjusted net bank credit, with 18% for agriculture and 7.5% for micro enterprises.

Basel III norms require minimum common equity tier-1 of 5.5% and total capital adequacy of 8%, with additional buffers for Indian banks.

Financial inclusion schemes include PMJDY (bank accounts), PMJJBY and PMSBY (insurance) and Atal Pension Yojana (pension).

Reading comprehension: answer only from the passage; an option true in general knowledge but unsupported by the text is wrong.

Cloze test: choose the option that fits both grammar and the passage's tone; check subject-verb agreement and preposition collocation.

Error spotting: verify subject-verb agreement, pronoun reference, tense sequence, article use and preposition pairing in that order.

Para jumbles: locate the opening sentence (usually independent and introducing the topic) and use pronouns and connectors such as 'however' and 'therefore' as links.

Fillers: collocations decide the answer, e.g. 'commit a crime', 'take measures', 'draw attention'; a synonym that breaks the collocation is wrong.

Sentence rearrangement and connectors: contrast connectors (but, although) join opposite ideas; cause-effect connectors (hence, consequently) join reason to result.

Hindi language section: समास, संधि, तत्सम-तद्भव, मुहावरे, कारक और वाच्य पर प्रश्न आते हैं; क्रिया के लिंग-वचन का मेल वाक्य के कर्ता से जाँचें।

Word usage and idiom questions: eliminate options where the word is used in a different part of speech from the given sentence.

OSI model has seven layers; TCP works at the transport layer and IP at the network layer, while MAC addresses operate at the data link layer.

RAM is volatile working memory; ROM is non-volatile; cache sits between CPU and RAM and is faster but smaller.

1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB.

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses; HTTP default port is 80 and HTTPS is 443.

Phishing, vishing and smishing are social-engineering attacks delivered by email, voice call and SMS respectively; ransomware encrypts data for ransom.

DBMS keys: primary key uniquely identifies a row, foreign key references another table's primary key, and candidate keys are all minimal unique identifiers.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+F find, Alt+F4 close window.

In MS Excel, a formula starts with '='; absolute references use $ (e.g. $A$1) and relative references shift when copied.

Section 2(h) Indian Contract Act, 1872: a contract is an agreement enforceable by law; Section 10 lists free consent, capacity, lawful object and lawful consideration.

Section 2(d): consideration means an act, abstinence or promise done at the promisor's desire; past, present and future consideration are all valid.

Section 25: an agreement without consideration is void, except natural love and affection between near relatives, past voluntary services, or a written promise to pay a time-barred debt.

Section 11: a person is competent to contract if of the age of majority, of sound mind and not disqualified by law; a minor's agreement is void ab initio.

Sections 14-19A: consent is free when not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation or mistake; Section 19A allows rescission for fraud or misrepresentation.

Section 56: an agreement becomes void when performance becomes impossible by an event the promisor could not prevent; frustration discharges the contract.

Section 73: damages for breach are compensation for loss naturally arising in the usual course, or loss the parties knew of at formation (rule in Hadley v Baxendale).

Section 74: where a sum is named as penalty or liquidated damages, reasonable compensation not exceeding that sum may be awarded, without proof of actual loss.

Companies Act, 2013: a public company needs minimum 7 members and 3 directors; a private company needs 2 members and 2 directors; an OPC needs 1.

Section 2(87) defines subsidiary; Section 2(46) defines holding company; a company must hold at least half the total voting power of the other to be a holding company.

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: a cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a banker payable on demand; Section 138 covers dishonour for insufficient funds, with a 30-day notice period.

Indian Partnership Act, 1932: Section 4 defines partnership as a relation between persons who agree to share profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.

LLP Act, 2008: an LLP is a body corporate with perpetual succession, minimum two designated partners, and at least one resident in India.

Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Section 4 defines sale as transfer of property in goods for a price; a condition is essential to the main purpose, a warranty is collateral.

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016: corporate insolvency resolution must be completed within 330 days including extensions; the CIRP is run by an interim resolution professional.

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996: an arbitral award may be set aside under Section 34 only on limited grounds such as incapacity, invalid agreement or public policy.

Banking Regulation Act, 1949, Section 5(b): banking means accepting deposits of money repayable on demand or otherwise, for lending or investment.

Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act lists permitted forms of business; Section 8 prohibits trading in goods, with limited exceptions.

RBI Act, 1934, Section 42 governs CRR; Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act governs SLR.

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Section 4 defines a promissory note, Section 5 a bill of exchange, Section 6 a cheque; Section 123 requires crossing to be made on the cheque.

Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891, Section 4: a certified copy of an entry in bankers' books is admissible as prima facie evidence in legal proceedings.

SARFAESI Act, 2002: Section 13(2) gives a 60-day demand notice; Section 13(4) enforcement measures follow if the borrower does not comply.

Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 establishes Debt Recovery Tribunals; appeals from DRT orders lie to the DRAT.

Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 authorises RBI to regulate and supervise payment systems and to designate system providers.

RBI supervises commercial banks, cooperative banks, NBFCs and payment system operators; NABARD regulates and refinances rural cooperative banks and RRBs.

SEBI was made a statutory body by the SEBI Act, 1992; it regulates securities markets, stock exchanges, intermediaries and mutual funds.

RBI's Prompt Corrective Action framework triggers on capital adequacy, asset quality and profitability thresholds, imposing restrictions on dividends and branch expansion.

Priority sector lending shortfall may be deposited with NABARD's Rural Infrastructure Development Fund or other designated funds.

SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 require listed entities to have at least one-third independent directors where the chairperson is non-executive.

KYC norms are issued under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and PML (Maintenance of Records) Rules; banks must file suspicious transaction reports to FIU-IND.

NABARD's role includes refinancing agriculture and rural development, and supervising state cooperative banks and district central cooperative banks.

RBI issues master directions on fraud classification, with reporting to the Central Fraud Registry and the requirement to examine wilful default and large-value frauds.

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: Section 9 gives civil courts jurisdiction over suits of a civil nature except those expressly barred; Section 20 fixes territorial jurisdiction at the defendant's residence or cause of action.

Order VII Rule 11 CPC allows rejection of a plaint for absence of cause of action, undervaluation, or bar of law; Order XXXIX covers temporary injunctions.

Limitation Act, 1963: the basic period for a suit relating to contract is three years from when the cause of action arises.

Indian Penal Code, 1860: Section 299 defines culpable homicide and Section 300 murder; Section 378 defines theft and Section 420 cheating.

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the IPC; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 replaced the CrPC; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaced the Evidence Act.

Criminal Procedure: FIR is registered under Section 154 CrPC (now Section 173 BNSS); a magistrate may order investigation under Section 156(3) CrPC.

Evidence Act, 1872: Section 3 defines 'proved', 'disproved' and 'not proved'; Section 101 places the burden of proof on the party who asserts a fact.

Indian Contract Act Section 126 defines a contract of guarantee: surety's liability is co-extensive with the principal debtor unless otherwise agreed.

Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates the Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, Payment of Bonus Act and Equal Remuneration Act.

Industrial Relations Code, 2020 raises the threshold for prior government permission for lay-off and retrenchment to 300 workers.

Code on Social Security, 2020 covers employees' provident fund, ESI, gratuity and maternity benefit, and includes gig and platform workers.

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidates factories, mines, contract labour and inter-state migrant worker laws.

Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: gratuity is payable after five years of continuous service at 15/26 of last drawn wages for each completed year.

Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 applies to establishments with 20 or more employees; the wage ceiling for statutory coverage is Rs 15,000 per month.

Factories Act, 1948: Section 2(m) defines a factory as premises with 10 or more workers using power, or 20 or more without power.

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: Section 2A treats dismissal or discharge of an individual workman as an industrial dispute; Section 25F sets retrenchment conditions.

Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the 1986 Act and created the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) with investigation and recall powers.

Section 2(7) defines a consumer as one who buys goods or hires services for consideration, excluding commercial purpose, and includes online and offline transactions.

Pecuniary jurisdiction: District Commission up to Rs 50 lakh, State Commission above Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore, National Commission above Rs 2 crore.

Complaints must be filed within two years of the cause of action; the commissions may condone delay on sufficient cause.

Section 2(11) defines deficiency in service; Section 2(47) defines unfair trade practice, including misleading advertisements and false claims.

Product liability under Sections 82-87 lies against a product manufacturer, product service provider or product seller for harm caused by defective goods or deficient services.

E-commerce entities must display seller details, return and refund policies, and cannot refuse to take back defective goods.

Appeals from District to State Commission lie within 45 days, and from State to National Commission within 30 days.

SARFAESI applies to secured creditors enforcing security interests without court intervention, where the debt is secured and the account is classified as a non-performing asset.

Section 13(2) requires a written demand notice giving 60 days to the borrower to discharge the liability.

Section 13(3A) obliges the secured creditor to consider the borrower's representation and communicate reasons for rejection within 15 days.

Section 13(4) measures include taking possession, transfer by sale or lease, and appointing a manager; Section 14 allows the District Magistrate to assist in taking possession.

Section 17 gives a right of appeal to the Debts Recovery Tribunal within 45 days, with a pre-deposit of 50% of the amount claimed for appeals under Section 18 to DRAT.

Section 31 excludes agricultural land, and Section 31A gives priority to secured creditors over other debts, subject to statutory exceptions.

Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993: DRTs hear applications of Rs 20 lakh and above; the Limitation Act applies to DRT applications.

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 gives a 180-day CIRP extendable by 90 days, and the resolution plan requires approval of 66% of the committee of creditors.

Article 12 defines 'State' to include government, Parliament, state legislatures and other authorities; Article 13 makes laws inconsistent with fundamental rights void.

Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws; Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Article 21 protects life and personal liberty; the right to privacy was recognised as part of Article 21 in K.S. Puttaswamy (2017).

Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights; Article 226 gives High Courts a wider writ jurisdiction.

The five writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto; mandamus does not lie against a private individual.

Article 311 protects civil servants from dismissal or removal without inquiry and reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Administrative law principles: natural justice requires audi alteram partem and nemo judex in causa sua; delegated legislation must be within the parent Act.

Doctrine of basic structure, from Kesavananda Bharati (1973), holds that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution to destroy its essential features.