IBPS RRB Law Officer key terms

A reasoning format in which two or more given statements (premises) are assumed true and a conclusion is tested for logical necessity, using Venn diagrams or set rules rather than real-world knowledge.

A reasoning question type where a short statement is followed by conclusions and the candidate judges whether each conclusion follows logically from the statement alone, ignoring outside facts and personal opinion.

A puzzle type describing family ties through coded or descriptive clues, requiring the candidate to draw a family tree and identify the exact relationship between two named persons, including gender-sensitive terms.

A puzzle where persons are placed in a row, circle, or square facing given directions, and clues about neighbours and positions must be combined to fix every person's seat uniquely.

A reasoning topic tracking a person's path through turns, distances, and compass directions, asking for final displacement, shortest distance, or facing direction, often using Pythagoras for net distance.

A reasoning item presenting a pair of related items and asking the candidate to find another pair sharing the same logical relationship, such as part-to-whole, cause-to-effect, or worker-to-tool.

A reasoning item listing several items where all but one share a common property; the candidate identifies the item that breaks the shared rule, such as a non-prime number among primes.

A reasoning or numerical item giving a sequence of letters, numbers, or figures following a hidden rule, requiring the candidate to detect the pattern and supply the missing or next element.

A quantitative question giving a problem with two or more statements, where the candidate decides only whether the data supplied is enough to answer the question, without computing the final numeric answer.

A quantitative set built on a table, bar graph, pie chart, or line graph, where several questions test the candidate's ability to read values, compute ratios, percentages, and averages quickly and accurately.

A numerical ability item requiring fast evaluation of arithmetic expressions using BODMAS order, fraction-to-decimal conversion, and approximation, usually without a calculator, to test speed and accuracy.

A quantitative item presenting a sequence of numbers generated by a rule such as addition, multiplication, squares, or a mixed pattern, asking for the wrong term or the next term.

A fraction expressed per hundred, used in profit and loss, simple and compound interest, data interpretation, and population problems, calculated as (part ÷ whole) × 100 and converted to decimals for multiplication.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is principal, R the annual rate, and T the time in years.

Interest charged on both the principal and previously accumulated interest, computed as A = P(1 + R/100)^T, so the amount grows faster than under simple interest over the same period and rate.

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities, used as the principal policy signal for liquidity and inflation management.

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India absorbs surplus liquidity from commercial banks by borrowing against eligible securities; it usually sits below the repo rate and forms the lower bound of the liquidity adjustment corridor.

The share of a bank's net demand and time liabilities that must be held as cash balances with the Reserve Bank of India, earning no interest, used to control credit creation and liquidity.

The minimum percentage of net demand and time liabilities a bank must hold in safe, liquid assets such as cash, gold, or approved government securities, in addition to cash reserve requirements.

A Reserve Bank mandate requiring banks to direct a specified share of credit to sectors such as agriculture, micro and small enterprises, education, housing, and weaker sections, measured against adjusted net bank credit.

A loan or advance where interest or principal has remained overdue for more than ninety days, classified as substandard, doubtful, or loss asset, requiring provisioning and impairing the lender's profitability.

The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, which lets secured creditors enforce security without court intervention once the account is classified as a non-performing asset.

A company registered with the Reserve Bank that buys non-performing assets from banks at a discount and works to recover them, enabling lenders to clean their balance sheets and focus on fresh lending.

A specialised tribunal constituted under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993, to adjudicate and recover debts of a specified minimum amount owed to banks and financial institutions.

Something of value given by each party in a contract, such as money, goods, or a promise, which must be lawful and real; in India, past, present, and future consideration are all recognised.

Consent given without coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake; if consent is not free, the contract is voidable at the option of the aggrieved party under the Indian Contract Act.

An agreement that is legally enforceable at the option of one or more parties but not all, typically because consent was not free or a party was a minor; the aggrieved party may rescind it.

An agreement that is not enforceable by law at all, such as one without consideration or with an unlawful object, and therefore creates no legal rights or obligations for either party from the outset.

A written document promising or ordering payment of money that is freely transferable by delivery or endorsement and delivery, giving a holder in due course good title despite defects in earlier transfers.

A person who takes a negotiable instrument for value, in good faith, and before maturity, without notice of any defect in the transferor's title, and therefore obtains a title free of prior equities.

A bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand, including electronic images of truncated cheques, governed by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 and the RBI's clearing rules.

An authority under the Reserve Bank's integrated ombudsman scheme that receives and adjudicates customer complaints against regulated entities for deficient service, with defined monetary limits and appeal routes.

A constitutional remedy under Article 32 or 226 commanding a public authority to perform a legal duty it has failed or refused to perform; it does not lie against a private person or the President in certain matters.

A writ issued by a higher court quashing a decision of a lower court or tribunal that acted without jurisdiction, exceeded jurisdiction, or violated natural justice, protecting against arbitrary quasi-judicial action.

Unwritten principles requiring a fair hearing (audi alteram partem) and an unbiased decision-maker (nemo judex in causa sua), applied by courts to administrative and quasi-judicial orders affecting rights.

The power of constitutional courts to examine whether legislative action or executive and administrative orders conform to the Constitution, including tests of legislative competence and violation of fundamental rights.

Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, a person who buys goods or hires services for consideration, excluding purchases for resale or commercial purpose, and includes beneficiaries of such goods or services.

A trade practice that adopts deceptive methods to promote goods or services, such as false claims, misleading advertisements, or hidden charges, and is actionable before consumer commissions for compensation and discontinuance.

Any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or employers and workmen, or workmen and workmen, connected with employment or non-employment, terms of employment, or conditions of labour, referred for adjudication.

A determination of an industrial dispute by a labour court, tribunal, or national tribunal, which becomes binding on the parties and is enforceable, subject to the limited grounds for judicial review.

The process by which employers and recognised trade unions negotiate wages, working conditions, and benefits, producing settlements that bind the parties and may be extended to other workmen of the establishment.