Maharashtra HSC Urdu (MSBSHSE) cheat sheet

Nasr ka matlab hai saada ya aaraasta likha hua nasr; HSC kitaab mein nassar ke sabaq nisab ke mutabiq tarteeb diye gaye hain.

Har sabaq ke author ka naam, un ki paidaish aur wafaat ke saal, aur un ki asar ka unwan yaad rakhein; objective sawal inhi se aate hain.

Sabaq ka markazi khayal (central idea) ek jumle mein likhne ki aadat banayein, kyunke tashreeh ke sawal isi par mabni hote hain.

Mushkil alfaz ke maani sabaq ke hawale se yaad karein, kyunke laghu sawal mein lafz ka matlab poocha jata hai.

Sabaq ke kirdaron (characters) ke naam aur un ke kirdar ki khusoosiyat alag-alag note karein.

Tashreeh ke liye aayat ya jumla chun kar us ke alfaz ka matlab, ishara, aur sabaq se taluq teen hisson mein likhein.

Sabaq ke asal masla aur us ka hal (agar mojud ho) alag se likhein; yeh sawal aksar poocha jata hai.

Author ki zindagi ke ahem waqi'at aur un ka asari rang (maslan islahi, tanqeedi, ya tanz-o-mizah) jaan lein.

Nazm ka matlab hai mawzoo ke mutabiq musalsal aur tarteeb wali shayri, jis mein qafiya aur radeef zaroori nahi hote.

Har nazm ka unwan, shayar ka naam, aur nazm ka markazi mawzoo (theme) yaad rakhein.

Nazm ke band (stanza) aur misron ki tarteeb par dhyan dein; kuch sawal misron ki tarteeb par aate hain.

Shayar ka daur (period), us ki asar, aur us ka asloob (style) jaanein; literary history ke sawal isi se jude hote hain.

Nazm ke andar tashbeeh (simile), istiara (metaphor), aur tajnis jaise san'ati asloob ki misalein note karein.

Nazm ke asli paigham (message) ko ek jumle mein likhne ki mashq karein.

Radeef aur qafiya ki tafreeq samajh lein: radeef lafz-e-mukarrar hai, qafiya us ke pehle ka hum-awaz lafz.

Nazm ke mushkil alfaz ke maani aur un ke asli (literal) aur mujazi (figurative) matlab mein farq karein.

Ghazal ke har sher ko misra-e-oola aur misra-e-saani kehte hain; matla pehla sher hai jis mein dono misre hum-qafiya hote hain.

Ghazal ke aakhri sher ko maqta kehte hain jis mein shayar apna takhallus (pen name) istemal karta hai.

Radeef sher ke aakhir mein mukarrar aane wala lafz hai; qafiya radeef se pehle ka hum-awaz lafz hai.

Ghazal ke ashi'ar ke darmiyan mawzoo ka tasalsul zaroori nahi; har sher apna mustaqil khayal rakhta hai.

Matla, maqta, radif, qafiya, aur behr (meter) ki tafreeq objective sawalon mein aksar poochi jati hai.

Tashreeh ke liye sher chun kar us ke alfaaz ka matlab, shayari san'at, aur paigham tarteeb se likhein.

Ghalib, Mir, aur Iqbal ki ghazlon ke ahem ashi'ar aur un ke mawzoo alag-alag yaad karein.

Sher ke mujazi matlab (figurative meaning) ko asli matlab se alag karke likhna zaroori hai.

Ism ki iqsam: ism-e-aam (common noun), ism-e-khaas (proper noun), ism-e-masdar (verbal noun), aur ism-e-zameer (pronoun).

Fi'l ke zamane: maazi (past), haal (present), aur mustaqbil (future); har zamane ki gardaan yaad karein.

Sifat aur mausoof ka mutabiqat: sifat apne mausoof ki jins aur waahid/jam'a ke mutabiq aati hai.

Muzakkar aur muannas ki tafreeq alfaz ki jins se hoti hai; muannas mein aksar 'gi' ya 'i' ka izafa hota hai.

Wahid se jam'a banane ke qawaid: 'ein' ka izafa, andaruni harf ki tabdeeli, aur be-qawaid jam'a.

Mutazad alfaz (antonyms) aur hum-maani alfaz (synonyms) ki fehrist tayyar karein.

Muhawara aur zarb-ul-masal ka farq: muhawara apne asli matlab se hat kar istemal hota hai, zarb-ul-masal mukammal jumla hota hai.

Jumle ki islah: fail aur fa'il ka mutabiqat, zamane ka durust istemal, aur lafzi izafat ki janch karein.

Mazmoon ki tarteeb: unwan, tamheed (introduction), mawzoo ki tafseel, aur khatma (conclusion).

Tamheed mein mawzoo ka taaruf aur ahmiyat likhein; khatma mein khulasa aur mashwara dein.

Mazmoon mein zaati zameer 'main' se guraiz karein; ghair-zaati asloob zyada munasib hai.

Khat (letter) ke ajza: taraf-e-awwal (address), tareekh, salaam, mazmoon, aur dastakhat.

Rasmi khat mein adab aur takhallus-e-akhlaq zaroori hai; ghair-rasmi khat mein saada aur dostana lehja istemal karein.

Darkhwast (application) mein muqarrar format: khidmat mein, mawzoo, arz, aur dastakhat.

Mazmoon mein muhawarat aur zarb-ul-masal ka munasib istemal likhai ko darmiyani banata hai.

Alfaaz ki tadad aur waqt ka khayal rakhein: mazmoon ke liye tay shuda alfaz se tajawuz na karein.

Ibarat (passage) ko pehle do bar padhein: pehli bar samajhne ke liye, doosri bar sawalon ke liye.

Ibarat ka markazi khayal ek jumle mein likhne ki mashq karein.

Mushkil lafz ka matlab siyaq-o-sabaq (context) se samjhein, kyunke ek lafz ke kai maani hote hain.

Sawal ke alfaz ibarat mein talash karein; jawab aksar usi jumle ke qareeb hota hai.

Jawab apne alfaz mein likhein, ibarat se naqal karna zaroori nahi.

Ibarat ke andar zameer ka marja (antecedent) maloom karein, warna jawab ghalat ho jata hai.

Laghu sawalon mein lafz ka mutazad, hum-maani, ya jumle mein istemal poocha jata hai.

Ibarat ke asloob (tanz, tashreeh, daleel) ki pehchan karein; is se mawzoo samajhne mein madad milti hai.

Urdu se English tarjuma karte waqt pehle jumle ka markazi fail (main verb) aur fa'il (subject) maloom karein.

Urdu ka fi'l aksar jumle ke aakhir mein aata hai; English mein usay fa'il ke baad laayein.

Muhawara ka lafzi tarjuma na karein; us ka mutabiq English muhawara ya saada matlab likhein.

Jins aur waahid/jam'a ka khayal rakhein: Urdu mein sifaat mausoof ke baad aati hain, English mein pehle.

Marathi tarjuma ke liye Marathi ka fi'l-saani (verb ending) aur ling (gender) Urdu se mukhtalif hota hai; jumle ka matlab pehle samjhein.

Tarjuma mein lafz-ba-lafz ke bajaye maani-ba-maani (sense-for-sense) asloob ikhtiyar karein.

Naam, jagahein, aur idaare tarjuma na karein; unhein jaisa hai waisa likhein.

Tarjuma ke baad apna likha hua dobara padhein aur asli matlab se milaein.

Urdu adab ke ahem daur: awal (Deccan), Delhi, aur Lucknow ki dabistan; har daur ke numayan shayar yaad karein.

Ghalib (1797-1869) apni ghazal ke liye mashhoor hain; un ka asloob mushkil aur falsafiyana hai.

Mir Taqi Mir ko 'Khuda-e-Sukhan' kaha jata hai; un ki shayri mein dard aur sadgi hai.

Allama Iqbal (1877-1938) ki shayri mein khudi, millat, aur jagir ka paigham hai; un ka asar 'Bang-e-Dara' hai.

Nasr ke ahem naam: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Maulvi Abdul Haq, aur Premchand.

San'ati asloob: tashbeeh (simile), istiara (metaphor), tajnis (pun), aur mubaligha (hyperbole).

Ghazal aur nazm ka farq: ghazal ke ashi'ar mustaqil hote hain, nazm ka mawzoo ek hota hai.

Tanqeedi istilahat: asloob, mawzoo, paigham, aur asari qadr (literary value) ki tafreeq jaanein.

MCQ mein pehle sawal ka markazi lafz (keyword) talash karein, phir options ko is lafz se milaein.

Tareekhein aur saal (paidaish, wafaat, asar ki ishaat) ratt lein; yeh aksar objective sawalon mein aate hain.

Author aur unwan ka jora (pair) yaad karein; mismatched jora aksar ghalat option hota hai.

Ghazal ke istilahat (matla, maqta, radeef, qafiya) ki ek-line tafreeq yaad rakhein.

Qawaid ke sawalon mein jumle ko chhota karke fa'il, fi'l, aur mafool alag karein.

Sawal mein 'nahi' ya 'ghalat' jaisa lafz ho to option ko dobara padhein; yeh trap hota hai.

Jawab ka andaza lagane ke bajaye yaad ki hui maloomat par bharosa karein.

Very short answer mein ek jumla kaafi hai; tafseel likhne se waqt zaya hota hai.