Maharashtra HSC Urdu (MSBSHSE) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Nasr kya hai

Nasr Urdu adab mein saada ya aaraasta nasr (prose) ko kehte hain, jo shayri ke mukhalif hoti hai. HSC nisab mein nasr ke sabaq authors ke asar aur mawzoo ke saath padhaye jate hain.

Markazi khayal

Markazi khayal se muraad sabaq ya nazm ka bunyadi paigham hai. Tashreeh ke sawalon mein pehle markazi khayal likhna chahiye, phir us ki tafseel.

Tashreeh likhne ka tareeqa

Tashreeh mein pehle chune hue jumle ke alfaz ka matlab, phir us ka ishara, aur aakhir mein sabaq se taluq likha jata hai. Yeh teen hisse poore jawab ke liye zaroori hain.

Kirdar ki khusoosiyat

Sabaq ke kirdaron ke naam aur un ki khusoosiyat objective aur tafseeli sawalon mein poochi jati hain. Har kirdar ka kirdar (role) alag note karna chahiye.

Nazm ki tareef

Nazm mawzoo ke mutabiq musalsal shayri hai jis mein qafiya aur radeef zaroori nahi. Is mein ek hi mawzoo par musalsal ashi'ar hote hain.

Nazm ka paigham

Nazm ka paigham us ka bunyadi khayal hai jo shayar pesh karna chahta hai. Ise ek jumle mein likhna tashreeh ke sawal ka markazi hissa hota hai.

Tashbeeh aur istiara

Tashbeeh mein do cheezon ka muqabla saaf lafz (jaise 'ki tarah') se hota hai. Istiara mein ek cheez ko doosri maan liya jata hai bina muqable ke lafz ke.

Nazm aur ghazal ka farq

Ghazal ke ashi'ar mustaqil mawzoo ke hote hain aur qafiya-radeef lazmi hai. Nazm ka ek hi mawzoo hota hai aur qafiya-radeef ki pabandi nahi hoti.

Matla aur maqta

Matla ghazal ka pehla sher hai jis mein dono misre hum-qafiya hote hain. Maqta aakhri sher hai jis mein shayar apna takhallus istemal karta hai.

Radeef aur qafiya

Radeef sher ke aakhir mein mukarrar aane wala lafz hai. Qafiya radeef se pehle aane wala hum-awaz lafz hai; dono ghazal ki behr mein rehte hain.

Sher ke do misre

Har sher mein misra-e-oola aur misra-e-saani hote hain. Matla ke dono misre hum-qafiya hote hain, jabke baqi ashi'ar ke sirf doosre misre mein qafiya-radeef aata hai.

Ghazal ka takhallus

Takhallus shayar ka pen name hota hai jo aksar maqta mein aata hai. Is se ghazal ke shayar ki pehchan hoti hai, jaise Ghalib ya Mir.

Ism ki iqsam

Ism-e-aam aam cheez ka naam hai, ism-e-khaas khaas shakhs ya jagah ka, ism-e-masdar kaam ka naam, aur ism-e-zameer naam ki jagah aata hai.

Fi'l ke zamane

Urdu mein fi'l ke teen zamane hain: maazi (past), haal (present), aur mustaqbil (future). Har zamane ki apni gardaan hoti hai jo fa'il ke mutabiq badalti hai.

Muzakkar aur muannas

Urdu mein har ism muzakkar ya muannas hota hai. Muannas mein aksar 'gi' ya 'i' ka izafa hota hai, aur sifat apne mausoof ki jins ke mutabiq aati hai.

Muhawara aur zarb-ul-masal

Muhawara apne asli matlab se hat kar mujazi matlab mein istemal hota hai. Zarb-ul-masal mukammal jumla hota hai jo nasihaat ya tajurba bayan karta hai.

Sifat aur mausoof

Sifat mausoof ki khusoosiyat bayan karti hai aur us ke baad aati hai. Urdu mein sifat apne mausoof ki jins aur waahid/jam'a ke mutabiq hoti hai.

Mazmoon ki tarteeb

Mazmoon unwan, tamheed, tafseel, aur khatma par mushtamil hota hai. Tamheed mein mawzoo ka taaruf aur khatma mein khulasa likha jata hai.

Khat ke ajza

Khat mein taraf-e-awwal (address), tareekh, salaam, mazmoon, aur dastakhat hote hain. Rasmi khat mein adab aur ghair-rasmi mein dostana lehja istemal hota hai.

Darkhwast ka format

Darkhwast mein 'Khidmat mein', mawzoo, arz, aur dastakhat tarteeb se likhe jate hain. Yeh format rasmi khat se mukhtalif aur mukhtasar hota hai.

Mazmoon mein asloob

Mazmoon mein ghair-zaati asloob zyada munasib hai; 'main' ka istemal kam karein. Muhawarat aur zarb-ul-masal ka munasib istemal likhai ko darmiyani banata hai.

Ibarat ka markazi khayal

Ibarat ka markazi khayal us ka bunyadi paigham hai. Fahm ke sawalon mein pehle ise ek jumle mein likhna chahiye, phir tafseel mein jana chahiye.

Siyaq-o-sabaq se matlab

Mushkil lafz ka matlab us ke aas-paas ke jumlon se samjha jata hai, kyunke ek lafz ke kai maani hote hain. Isi tareeqe ko siyaq-o-sabaq kehte hain.

Zameer ka marja

Zameer ka marja woh ism hai jis ki jagah zameer aayi hai. Fahm ke sawalon mein marja ghalat samajhne se jawab ghalat ho jata hai.

Apne alfaz mein jawab

Fahm ke jawab apne alfaz mein likhna behtar hai; ibarat se naqal karna zaroori nahi. Is se samajh ka pata chalta hai aur jawab mukhtasar rehta hai.

Urdu jumle ka tarteeb

Urdu mein fi'l aksar jumle ke aakhir mein aata hai aur fa'il pehle. English tarjume mein fa'il pehle aur fi'l us ke baad aata hai, is liye tarteeb badalni parti hai.

Maani-ba-maani tarjuma

Maani-ba-maani tarjuma mein asli matlab pesh kiya jata hai, lafz-ba-lafz naqal nahi. Muhawarat ka lafzi tarjuma ghalat matlab deta hai, is liye mutabiq muhawara chunna chahiye.

Tarjume mein naam

Tarjume mein naam, jagahein, aur idaare jaisa hai waisa likhe jate hain. Un ka tarjuma karna ghalat samjha jata hai aur jawab se number kat sakte hain.

Ghalib ka daur

Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869) Delhi ke aakhri dabistan ke numayan shayar hain. Un ki ghazal ka asloob mushkil aur falsafiyana hai, aur un ka deewan mashhoor hai.

Mir Taqi Mir

Mir Taqi Mir ko 'Khuda-e-Sukhan' kaha jata hai. Un ki shayri mein dard, sadgi, aur Delhi ki zindagi ka aks milta hai, aur woh Urdu ghazal ke bunyadi shayar hain.

Iqbal ka paigham

Allama Iqbal (1877-1938) ki shayri mein khudi, millat, aur jagir ka paigham hai. 'Bang-e-Dara' un ka mashhoor Urdu kalam ka majmua hai.

Tajnis aur mubaligha

Tajnis mein ek hi lafz ke mukhtalif maani ki bazm bandhi jati hai. Mubaligha mein baat ko barha-chadha kar bayan kiya jata hai; dono shayari san'at hain.

MCQ ka keyword

MCQ mein pehle sawal ka markazi lafz talash karein, phir options ko us lafz se milaein. 'Nahi' ya 'ghalat' jaisa lafz ho to option dobara padhein.