Maharashtra SSC Punjabi L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) flashcards
Maharashtra SSC Punjabi L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- मुख्य भाव
- Central idea or main theme of a passage or poem. In exams, choose the option that covers the whole text, not a single detail.
- अनुमान
- Inference. A conclusion drawn from clues in the passage rather than stated directly. The correct answer must be logically supported by the text.
- शीर्षक
- Title of a passage. The best title is short, captures the main theme, and is neither too narrow nor too broad.
- पठित गद्य
- Prescribed prose lesson from the textbook. Questions test character, theme, sequence, and author's message, all answerable from the text.
- चरित्र-चित्रण
- Character sketch. State the character's name, two traits, and one incident from the lesson as evidence for each trait.
- साहस
- Courage. A common value in prescribed prose lessons; when asked, support it with a specific action of the character from the text.
- उपमा अलंकार
- Simile. A comparison using words like ਵਾਂਗ or ਜਿਵੇਂ (like/as). Example: 'ਚੰਨ ਵਾਂਗ ਚਮਕਦਾ' (shining like the moon).
- रूपक अलंकार
- Metaphor. An implied comparison without 'like/as', where one thing is described as another. Example: 'ਜੀਵਨ ਇੱਕ ਸਫ਼ਰ ਹੈ' (life is a journey).
- अनुप्रास
- Alliteration. Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words, e.g., 'ਚੰਨ ਚਾਨਣ ਚੜ੍ਹਿਆ'. It adds musical effect.
- मानवीकरण
- Personification. Giving human qualities to non-human things, e.g., 'ਹਵਾ ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਗਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ' (the wind sings softly).
- रस
- Sentiment or aesthetic emotion in poetry. Main types: शृंगार (love/beauty), वीर (heroism), करुण (pathos), हास्य (comedy).
- तुकांत
- Rhyme scheme. The pattern of end rhymes in a poem, marked as AABB, ABAB, etc. Identify by comparing line endings.
- ਪੁਲਿੰਗ
- Masculine gender in Punjabi. Most nouns ending in -ਾ are masculine, e.g., ਮੁੰਡਾ (boy), ਘੋੜਾ (horse).
- ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ
- Feminine gender in Punjabi. Many nouns ending in -ੀ are feminine, e.g., ਕੁੜੀ (girl), ਘੋੜੀ (mare).
- ਸੰਬੰਧਕ
- Postposition. A word placed after a noun to show its relation, e.g., ਨੇ (ergative), ਨੂੰ (to), ਦਾ/ਦੀ/ਦੇ (of), ਵਿੱਚ (in).
- ਕਾਲ
- Tense. Punjabi has present, past, and future; habitual present uses stem + ਦਾ/ਦੀ/ਦੇ + ਹੈ, e.g., ਉਹ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ.
- ਵਚਨ
- Number (singular/plural). Masculine -ਾ → -ੇ (ਮੁੰਡਾ → ਮੁੰਡੇ); feminine -ੀ → -ੀਆਂ (ਕੁੜੀ → ਕੁੜੀਆਂ).
- ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਵਾਚਕ ਵਾਕ
- Interrogative sentence. Ends with a question mark and often begins with ਕੀ, ਕੌਣ, ਕਿੱਥੇ, ਕਦੋਂ, or ਕਿਉਂ.
- ਅਪ੍ਰਤੱਖ ਕਥਨ
- Indirect speech. Reporting someone's words without quoting them; pronouns and tenses shift back, e.g., 'ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ'.
- ਰਸਮੀ ਪੱਤਰ
- Formal letter. Includes sender's address, date, receiver's designation, subject line, salutation, body, and closing with name.
- ਵਿਸ਼ਾ
- Subject line in a formal letter. It appears after the salutation and before the body, stating the letter's purpose in a few words.
- ਲੇਖ
- Essay. Has an introduction, 2–3 body paragraphs with examples, and a conclusion. Usually 150–200 words in exams.
- ਰਿਪੋਰਟ
- Report. Includes headline, place and date, factual details in past tense, and a closing line. No personal opinion is included.
- ਸੰਵਾਦ
- Dialogue. Each speaker's turn on a new line, short and natural, relevant to the given situation; use dashes or names.
- ਭੂਮਿਕਾ
- Introduction. The opening paragraph of an essay that states the topic and gives a general background in 2–3 sentences.
- ਸਮਾਪਤੀ
- Conclusion. The final paragraph of an essay that restates the main point and gives a closing thought or suggestion.
- ਮੁਹਾਵਰਾ
- Idiom. A fixed phrase with figurative meaning, e.g., 'ਅੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ' = beloved; 'ਹੱਥ ਮਲਣਾ' = to regret.
- ਸਮਾਨਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ
- Synonyms. Words with similar meanings, e.g., ਸੁੰਦਰ = ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤ, ਖੁਸ਼ = ਪ੍ਰਸੰਨ, ਬਹਾਦਰ = ਵੀਰ.
- ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ
- Antonyms. Words with opposite meanings, e.g., ਉੱਚਾ–ਨੀਵਾਂ (high–low), ਦਿਨ–ਰਾਤ (day–night), ਸੱਚ–ਝੂਠ (truth–lie).
- ਇੱਕ ਸ਼ਬਦੀਕਰਨ
- One-word substitution. Replacing a phrase with a single word, e.g., ਜੋ ਕੁਝ ਨਾ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਹੋਵੇ = ਅਗਿਆਨੀ (ignorant).
- ਅਨੁਵਾਦ
- Translation. Convey the original meaning in natural target-language word order; do not translate idioms word-for-word.
- ਸਮਾਸ
- Compound word. Two or more words joined to form one, e.g., ਰਾਜ + ਕੁਮਾਰ = ਰਾਜਕੁਮਾਰ (prince).