UP PCS-J flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Article 32
- The constitutional right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, called the heart and soul of the Constitution by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
- Doctrine of Basic Structure
- Judicial principle from Kesavananda Bharati (1973) holding Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to destroy its essential features.
- Cognizable offence
- An offence for which police may arrest without a warrant and investigate without a magistrate's order, listed in the First Schedule of the CrPC.
- Section 154 CrPC
- Requires police to record information about a cognizable offence in writing, read it to the informant and obtain their signature; now BNSS Section 173.
- संधि क्या है
- दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; इसके तीन भेद हैं - स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि।
- समास
- दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं; इसके छह भेद हैं, जिनमें तत्पुरुष और बहुव्रीहि प्रमुख हैं।
- Subject-verb agreement
- Rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject a plural verb, regardless of intervening phrases like 'along with'.
- Passive voice
- Construction where the object of an action becomes the grammatical subject, formed with a form of 'be' plus the past participle.
- Article 226
- Empowers High Courts to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for enforcing Fundamental Rights or other legal rights.
- Habeas corpus
- Latin for 'produce the body'; a writ directing a detaining authority to bring the detained person before court and justify the detention.
- FIR
- First Information Report, the earliest record of information about a cognizable offence, recorded by police and used to set investigation in motion.
- Section 161 CrPC
- Covers oral examination of witnesses by police during investigation; such statements are not signed and cannot be used as substantive evidence.
- Order 39 CPC
- Provision empowering civil courts to grant temporary injunctions and interlocutory orders to prevent irreparable injury pending final disposal of a suit.
- Consideration
- Something of value in the eyes of law given by one party in return for the other's promise; essential for a valid contract under Section 10.
- Mens rea
- The guilty mind or mental element required for most crimes; statutory offences generally presume it unless excluded by clear words.
- Article 21A
- Inserted by the 86th Amendment (2002), it guarantees free and compulsory education to children aged six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right.
- Directive Principles
- Guidelines in Part IV (Articles 36-51) directing state policy for social and economic welfare; not enforceable in courts but fundamental in governance.
- Fundamental Duties
- Eleven duties listed in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, obliging citizens to respect the Constitution, national symbols and environment.
- Uttar Pradesh divisions
- Uttar Pradesh is divided into 18 administrative divisions comprising 75 districts, with Lucknow as the state capital and seat of the state government.
- Seventh Schedule
- Constitutional list dividing legislative powers between Union (97 entries), State (66) and Concurrent (47) spheres, with residuary powers resting with the Union.
- Compound interest formula
- Amount equals principal multiplied by (1 + rate/100) raised to the number of years; interest is the amount minus the original principal.
- रस के नौ भेद
- शृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत और शांत - ये नौ रस हैं, जिनमें शांत रस को रसराज कहते हैं।
- अलंकार
- काव्य की शोभा बढ़ाने वाले तत्व; मुख्य रूप से शब्दालंकार (अनुप्रास, यमक) और अर्थालंकार (उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा) में विभाजित।
- कारक
- वाक्य में संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का क्रिया से संबंध दर्शाने वाला रूप; इसके आठ भेद हैं, जिन्हें विभक्ति चिह्नों से पहचाना जाता है।
- उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय
- उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलते हैं, जबकि प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द या भाव बनाते हैं।
- मुहावरा
- ऐसा वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ शब्दों के सामान्य अर्थ से भिन्न होता है, जैसे 'कान काटना' का अर्थ चतुराई में हराना है।
- Conditional sentences
- Sentences expressing hypothetical situations; Type 1 uses present plus 'will', Type 2 past plus 'would', Type 3 past perfect plus 'would have'.
- Article usage rule
- Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation, so 'an hour' but 'a university'.
- One-word substitution
- A single word replacing a phrase, such as 'altruist' for a selfless person or 'ephemeral' for something short-lived.
- Preposition collocation
- Fixed pairing of a verb or adjective with a particular preposition, for example 'comply with', 'deprive of' and 'capable of'.
- Affect versus effect
- 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence; 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result or outcome of a cause.
- Burden of proof
- Under Sections 101-103 of the Evidence Act, the party who asserts a fact must prove it; criminal cases place this burden on the prosecution.