Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit cheat sheet
Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Sanskrit
The PSEB Matric Sanskrit syllabus covers: an essay (निबन्ध), a letter (पत्र), translation (अनुवाद), grammar (व्याकरण), and literature (साहित्य).
स्वर संधि: अ/आ + अ/आ → आ; इ/ई + इ/ई → ई; उ/ऊ + उ/ऊ → ऊ; ऋ + ऋ → ॠ; अ/आ + इ/ई → ए; अ/आ + उ/ऊ → ओ; अ/आ + ऋ → अर्.
व्यञ्जन संधि: त्/द् + त/थ → त्त/द्ध; त् + श → च्छ; त् + ष → क्ष; म् + क्/ख/ग्/घ् → ङ्क/ङ्ख/ङ्ग/ङ्घ; न् + च्/छ → ञ्च/ञ्छ.
विसर्ग संधि: ः + अ/आ → ओ; ः + इ/ई → ए; ः + उ/ऊ → ओ; ः + क/ख/प/फ → ः remains or becomes स् before त/थ.
सन्धि विच्छेद: reverse the sandhi rules to split a compound word into its original forms, e.g., रामालयः = राम + आलयः (स्वर संधि).
शब्द रूप: memorize declensions of अकारान्त (राम), आकारान्त (रमा), इकारान्त (मुनि), उकारान्त (गुरु), and ऋकारान्त (पितृ) in all eight cases (विभक्ति) and three numbers (वचन).
धातु रूप: learn present tense (लट्) conjugations of गम्, पठ्, लिख्, कृ, अस्, and दा in all three persons (प्रथम, मध्यम, उत्तम) and numbers.
समास: identify तत्पुरुष (लिङ्ग agrees with last member), द्वन्द्व (both members joined by च), बहुव्रीहि (refers to a third entity), and अव्ययीभाव (first member is indeclinable).