Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit study materials
Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit study resources

Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit: Sanskrit (PSEB Matric)

Punjab PSEB Matric Sanskrit · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

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Sanskrit (PSEB Matric)

Sanskrit is the single domain of the PSEB Matric paper. It tests reading of the prescribed prose and verse, translation, and the grammar syllabus: sandhi, śabda-rūpa, dhātu-rūpa, kāraka, samāsa and pratyaya. Marks are lost when a rule is known but not shown in the answer.

Sandhi

Savarṇa-dīrgha: अ/आ + अ/आ → आ; इ/ई + इ/ई → ई; उ/ऊ + उ/ऊ → ऊ, as in विद्या + आलयः → विद्यालयः. Guṇa: अ/आ + इ/ई → ए; अ/आ + उ/ऊ → ओ, as in सूर्य + उदयः → सूर्योदयः. Vṛddhi: अ/आ + ए/ऐ → ऐ, as in एक + एक → एकैक. Visarga before a voiced sound becomes -ओ: रामः गच्छति → रामो गच्छति.

Śabda-rūpa and kāraka

Decline राम (masc.), लता (fem.) and फल (neut.) in eight cases and three numbers. Kāraka mapping: कर्ता → प्रथमा, कर्म → द्वितीया, करण → तृतीया, सम्प्रदान → चतुर्थी, अपादान → पञ्चमी, सम्बन्ध → षष्ठी, अधिकरण → सप्तमी. Present-tense endings: ति तः अन्ति; सि थः थ; मि वः मः.

Samāsa and pratyaya

Tatpuruṣa: राज्ञः पुत्रः → राजपुत्रः. Karmadhāraya: नीलं कमलम् → नीलकमलम्. Bahuvrīhi: चन्द्र इव मुखं यस्याः → चन्द्रमुखी. Dvandva: माता च पिता च → मातापितरौ. Avyayībhāva: प्रति + दिनम् → प्रतिदिनम्. Kṛt pratyayas: क्त (कृत), क्तवतु (कृतवान्), तुमुन् (पठितुम्), ल्यप् (आगत्य), शतृ (हसन्).

Worked example

रामः फलम् खादति. रामः is the कर्ता, so it takes प्रथमा (nominative singular). फलम् is the कर्म, so it takes द्वितीया (accusative singular). खादति is लट्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन. The sentence means 'Ram eats a fruit.' If the question asks for kāraka, name the relation first; if it asks for translation, preserve the same case relations.

Traps

Do not write सूर्यउदयः: the guṇa rule is compulsory. Do not confuse नीलकमलम् (karmadhāraya, one object) with राजपुत्रः (tatpuruṣa, genitive relation). Dual endings are frequently missed: हस्तौ, not हस्ताः. Before गच्छति, visarga becomes ओ. For purpose use -तुम्, not -त्वा; -त्वा marks an action already completed.